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<H1>VC++动态链接库编程之MFC扩展 DLL</H1></DIV>
<DIV id=conauthor><SPAN>2005-10-10 08:52 </SPAN><SPAN>作者: 宋宝华 </SPAN><SPAN>出处: 
天极网 </SPAN><SPAN>责任编辑:<A title=向本编辑提问 
href="http://comments.yesky.com/t/·&frac12;&Ouml;&Ucirc;/6,324/2145859.shtml" target=_blank>方舟</A> 
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=topadbg><SPAN id=ad9></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV id=conneirong><SPAN id=ad3></SPAN>
<DIV class=guanggao><SPAN id=contentAdv></SPAN></DIV>  <B>6.3 
MFC扩展DLL的加载</B><BR><BR>  6.3.1 
隐式加载<BR><BR>  我们在6.2工程所在的工作区中添加一个LoadExtDllDlg工程,用于演示MFC扩展DLL的加载。在LoadExtDllDlg工程中添加一个如图16所示的对话框,这个对话框上包括一个“调用DLL”按钮。<BR><BR>
<TABLE width="90%" align=center border=0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>
      <DIV align=center><IMG 
      src="VC++动态链接库编程之MFC扩展 DLL-开发者网络-dll-天极Y2esky.files/4o3b052d7377.jpg" 
      border=0><BR>图16 
MFC扩展DLL调用工程中的对话框</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  在与图16对应对话框类实现文件的头部添加:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>// LoadExtDllDlg.cpp : implementation file<BR>//<BR><BR>#include 
      "..\ExtDialog.h"<BR>#pragma comment( lib, "ExtDll.lib" 
      )<BR><BR>而“调用DLL”按钮的单击事件的消息处理函数为:<BR><BR>void 
      CLoadExtDllDlg::OnDllcallButton() <BR>{<BR> CExtDialog 
      extDialog;<BR> extDialog.DoModal();<BR>}</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  当我们单击“调用DLL”的时候,弹出了如图15的对话框。<BR><BR>  为提供给用户隐式加载(MFC扩展DLL一般使用隐式加载,具体原因见下节),MFC扩展DLL需要提供三个文件:<BR><BR>  (1)描述DLL中扩展类的头文件;<BR><BR>  (2)与动态链接库对应的.LIB文件;<BR><BR>  (3)动态链接库.DLL文件本身。<BR><BR>  有了这三个文件,应用程序的开发者才可充分利用MFC扩展DLL。<BR><BR>  6.3.2 
显示加载<BR><BR>  显示加载MFC扩展DLL应使用MFC全局函数AfxLoadLibrary而不是WIN32 
API中的LoadLibrary。AfxLoadLibrary 最终也调用了 
LoadLibrary这个API,但是在调用之前进行了线程同步的处理。<BR><BR>  AfxLoadLibrary 的函数原型与 
LoadLibrary完全相同,为:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>HINSTANCE AFXAPI AfxLoadLibrary( LPCTSTR lpszModuleName 
  );</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  与之相对应的是,MFC 应用程序应使用AfxFreeLibrary 
而非FreeLibrary 卸载MFC扩展DLL。AfxFreeLibrary的函数原型也与 FreeLibrary完全相同,为:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>BOOL AFXAPI AfxFreeLibrary( HINSTANCE hInstLib 
);</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  如果我们把上例中的“调用DLL”按钮单击事件的消息处理函数改为:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>void CLoadExtDllDlg::OnDllcallButton() <BR>{<BR> HINSTANCE hDll = 
      AfxLoadLibrary( "ExtDll.dll" );<BR> if(NULL == 
      hDll)<BR> {<BR>  AfxMessageBox( "MFC扩展DLL动态加载失败" 
      );<BR>  return;<BR> }<BR><BR> CExtDialog 
      extDialog;<BR> extDialog.DoModal();<BR> AfxFreeLibrary(hDll);<BR>}</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  则工程会出现link错误:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>LoadExtDllDlg.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol 
      "__declspec(dllimport) public: virtual __thiscall 
      CExtDialog::~CExtDialog(void)" 
      (__imp_??1CExtDialog@@UAE@XZ)<BR><BR>LoadExtDllDlg.obj : error LNK2001: 
      unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) public: __thiscall 
      CExtDialog::CExtDialog(class CWnd *)" 
      (__imp_??0CExtDialog@@QAE@PAVCWnd@@@Z)</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  提示CExtDialog的构造函数和析构函数均无法找到!是的,对于派生MFC类的MFC扩展DLL,当我们要在应用程序中使用DLL中定义的派生类时,我们不宜使用动态加载DLL的方法。<BR><BR>  <STRONG>6.4 
MFC扩展DLL加载MFC扩展DLL</STRONG><BR><BR>  我们可以在MFC扩展DLL中再次使用MFC扩展DLL,但是,由于在两个DLL中对于AFX_EXT_CLASS、AFX_EXT_API、AFX_EXT_DATA宏的定义都是输出,这会导致调用的时候出现问题。<BR><BR>  我们将会在调用MFC扩展DLL的DLL中看到link错误:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol 
….......</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>  因此,在调用MFC扩展DLL的MFC扩展DLL中,在包含被调用DLL的头文件之前,需要临时重新定义AFX_EXT_CLASS的值。下面的例子显示了如何实现:<BR><BR>
<TABLE borderColor=#cccccc width="90%" align=center bgColor=#e3e3e3 border=1>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD>//临时改变宏的含义“输出”为“输入”<BR><BR>#undef AFX_EXT_CLASS<BR>#undef 
      AFX_EXT_API<BR>#undef AFX_EXT_DATA<BR>#define AFX_EXT_CLASS 
      AFX_CLASS_IMPORT<BR>#define AFX_EXT_API AFX_API_IMPORT<BR>#define 
      AFX_EXT_DATA AFX_DATA_IMPORT<BR><BR>//包含被调用MFC扩展DLL的头文件<BR><BR>#include 
      "CalledDLL.h"<BR><BR>//恢复宏的含义为输出<BR><BR>#undef AFX_EXT_CLASS<BR>#undef 
      AFX_EXT_API<BR>#undef AFX_EXT_DATA<BR>#define AFX_EXT_CLASS 
      AFX_CLASS_EXPORT<BR>#define AFX_EXT_API AFX_API_EXPORT<BR>#define 
      AFX_EXT_DATA AFX_DATA_EXPORT</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>
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