uri.java

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/*
 * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2003 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
 * reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
 *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
 *       "This product includes software developed by the
 *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
 *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
 *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
 *
 * 4. The names "Xerces" and "Apache Software Foundation" must
 *    not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without prior written permission. For written
 *    permission, please contact [e-mail].
 *
 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
 *    nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written
 *    permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
 * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation and was
 * originally based on software copyright (c) 1999, iClick Inc.,
 * http://www.apache.org.  For more information on the Apache Software
 * Foundation, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.
 */


package com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**********************************************************************
* A class to represent a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). This class
* is designed to handle the parsing of URIs and provide access to
* the various components (scheme, host, port, userinfo, path, query
* string and fragment) that may constitute a URI.
* <p>
* Parsing of a URI specification is done according to the URI
* syntax described in 
* <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt?number=2396">RFC 2396</a>,
* and amended by
* <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt?number=2732">RFC 2732</a>. 
* <p>
* Every absolute URI consists of a scheme, followed by a colon (':'), 
* followed by a scheme-specific part. For URIs that follow the 
* "generic URI" syntax, the scheme-specific part begins with two 
* slashes ("//") and may be followed by an authority segment (comprised 
* of user information, host, and port), path segment, query segment 
* and fragment. Note that RFC 2396 no longer specifies the use of the 
* parameters segment and excludes the "user:password" syntax as part of 
* the authority segment. If "user:password" appears in a URI, the entire 
* user/password string is stored as userinfo.
* <p>
* For URIs that do not follow the "generic URI" syntax (e.g. mailto),
* the entire scheme-specific part is treated as the "path" portion
* of the URI.
* <p>
* Note that, unlike the java.net.URL class, this class does not provide
* any built-in network access functionality nor does it provide any
* scheme-specific functionality (for example, it does not know a
* default port for a specific scheme). Rather, it only knows the
* grammar and basic set of operations that can be applied to a URI.
*
* @version  $Id: URI.java,v 1.17 2004/03/28 16:12:19 mrglavas Exp $
*
**********************************************************************/
 public class URI implements Serializable {

  /*******************************************************************
  * MalformedURIExceptions are thrown in the process of building a URI
  * or setting fields on a URI when an operation would result in an
  * invalid URI specification.
  *
  ********************************************************************/
  public static class MalformedURIException extends IOException {

   /******************************************************************
    * Constructs a <code>MalformedURIException</code> with no specified
    * detail message.
    ******************************************************************/
    public MalformedURIException() {
      super();
    }

    /*****************************************************************
    * Constructs a <code>MalformedURIException</code> with the
    * specified detail message.
    *
    * @param p_msg the detail message.
    ******************************************************************/
    public MalformedURIException(String p_msg) {
      super(p_msg);
    }
  }

  private static final byte [] fgLookupTable = new byte[128];
  
  /**
   * Character Classes
   */
  
  /** reserved characters ;/?:@&=+$,[] */
  //RFC 2732 added '[' and ']' as reserved characters
  private static final int RESERVED_CHARACTERS = 0x01;
  
  /** URI punctuation mark characters: -_.!~*'() - these, combined with
      alphanumerics, constitute the "unreserved" characters */
  private static final int MARK_CHARACTERS = 0x02;
  
  /** scheme can be composed of alphanumerics and these characters: +-. */
  private static final int SCHEME_CHARACTERS = 0x04;
  
  /** userinfo can be composed of unreserved, escaped and these
      characters: ;:&=+$, */
  private static final int USERINFO_CHARACTERS = 0x08;
  
  /** ASCII letter characters */
  private static final int ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS = 0x10;
  
  /** ASCII digit characters */
  private static final int ASCII_DIGIT_CHARACTERS = 0x20;
  
  /** ASCII hex characters */
  private static final int ASCII_HEX_CHARACTERS = 0x40;
  
  /** Path characters */
  private static final int PATH_CHARACTERS = 0x80;

  /** Mask for alpha-numeric characters */
  private static final int MASK_ALPHA_NUMERIC = ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS | ASCII_DIGIT_CHARACTERS;
  
  /** Mask for unreserved characters */
  private static final int MASK_UNRESERVED_MASK = MASK_ALPHA_NUMERIC | MARK_CHARACTERS;
  
  /** Mask for URI allowable characters except for % */
  private static final int MASK_URI_CHARACTER = MASK_UNRESERVED_MASK | RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
  
  /** Mask for scheme characters */
  private static final int MASK_SCHEME_CHARACTER = MASK_ALPHA_NUMERIC | SCHEME_CHARACTERS;
  
  /** Mask for userinfo characters */
  private static final int MASK_USERINFO_CHARACTER = MASK_UNRESERVED_MASK | USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
  
  /** Mask for path characters */
  private static final int MASK_PATH_CHARACTER = MASK_UNRESERVED_MASK | PATH_CHARACTERS; 

  static {
      // Add ASCII Digits and ASCII Hex Numbers
      for (int i = '0'; i <= '9'; ++i) {
          fgLookupTable[i] |= ASCII_DIGIT_CHARACTERS | ASCII_HEX_CHARACTERS;
      }

      // Add ASCII Letters and ASCII Hex Numbers
      for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'F'; ++i) {
          fgLookupTable[i] |= ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS | ASCII_HEX_CHARACTERS;
          fgLookupTable[i+0x00000020] |= ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS | ASCII_HEX_CHARACTERS;
      }

      // Add ASCII Letters
      for (int i = 'G'; i <= 'Z'; ++i) {
          fgLookupTable[i] |= ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS;
          fgLookupTable[i+0x00000020] |= ASCII_ALPHA_CHARACTERS;
      }

      // Add Reserved Characters
      fgLookupTable[';'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['/'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['?'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[':'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['@'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['&'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['='] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['+'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['$'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[','] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['['] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[']'] |= RESERVED_CHARACTERS;

      // Add Mark Characters
      fgLookupTable['-'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['_'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['.'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['!'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['~'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['*'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['\''] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['('] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[')'] |= MARK_CHARACTERS;

      // Add Scheme Characters
      fgLookupTable['+'] |= SCHEME_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['-'] |= SCHEME_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['.'] |= SCHEME_CHARACTERS;

      // Add Userinfo Characters
      fgLookupTable[';'] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[':'] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['&'] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['='] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['+'] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['$'] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[','] |= USERINFO_CHARACTERS;
      
      // Add Path Characters
      fgLookupTable[';'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['/'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[':'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['@'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['&'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['='] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['+'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable['$'] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
      fgLookupTable[','] |= PATH_CHARACTERS;
  }

  /** Stores the scheme (usually the protocol) for this URI. */
  private String m_scheme = null;

  /** If specified, stores the userinfo for this URI; otherwise null */
  private String m_userinfo = null;

  /** If specified, stores the host for this URI; otherwise null */
  private String m_host = null;

  /** If specified, stores the port for this URI; otherwise -1 */
  private int m_port = -1;
  
  /** If specified, stores the registry based authority for this URI; otherwise -1 */
  private String m_regAuthority = null;

  /** If specified, stores the path for this URI; otherwise null */
  private String m_path = null;

  /** If specified, stores the query string for this URI; otherwise
      null.  */
  private String m_queryString = null;

  /** If specified, stores the fragment for this URI; otherwise null */
  private String m_fragment = null;

  private static boolean DEBUG = false;

  /**
  * Construct a new and uninitialized URI.
  */
  public URI() {
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI from another URI. All fields for this URI are
  * set equal to the fields of the URI passed in.
  *
  * @param p_other the URI to copy (cannot be null)
  */
  public URI(URI p_other) {
    initialize(p_other);
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI from a URI specification string. If the
  * specification follows the "generic URI" syntax, (two slashes
  * following the first colon), the specification will be parsed
  * accordingly - setting the scheme, userinfo, host,port, path, query
  * string and fragment fields as necessary. If the specification does
  * not follow the "generic URI" syntax, the specification is parsed
  * into a scheme and scheme-specific part (stored as the path) only.
  *
  * @param p_uriSpec the URI specification string (cannot be null or
  *                  empty)
  *
  * @exception MalformedURIException if p_uriSpec violates any syntax
  *                                   rules
  */
  public URI(String p_uriSpec) throws MalformedURIException {
    this((URI)null, p_uriSpec);
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI from a base URI and a URI specification string.
  * The URI specification string may be a relative URI.
  *
  * @param p_base the base URI (cannot be null if p_uriSpec is null or
  *               empty)
  * @param p_uriSpec the URI specification string (cannot be null or
  *                  empty if p_base is null)
  *
  * @exception MalformedURIException if p_uriSpec violates any syntax
  *                                  rules
  */
  public URI(URI p_base, String p_uriSpec) throws MalformedURIException {
    initialize(p_base, p_uriSpec);
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI that does not follow the generic URI syntax.
  * Only the scheme and scheme-specific part (stored as the path) are
  * initialized.
  *
  * @param p_scheme the URI scheme (cannot be null or empty)
  * @param p_schemeSpecificPart the scheme-specific part (cannot be
  *                             null or empty)
  *
  * @exception MalformedURIException if p_scheme violates any
  *                                  syntax rules
  */
  public URI(String p_scheme, String p_schemeSpecificPart)
             throws MalformedURIException {
    if (p_scheme == null || p_scheme.trim().length() == 0) {
      throw new MalformedURIException(
            "Cannot construct URI with null/empty scheme!");
    }
    if (p_schemeSpecificPart == null ||
        p_schemeSpecificPart.trim().length() == 0) {
      throw new MalformedURIException(
          "Cannot construct URI with null/empty scheme-specific part!");
    }
    setScheme(p_scheme);
    setPath(p_schemeSpecificPart);
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI that follows the generic URI syntax from its
  * component parts. Each component is validated for syntax and some
  * basic semantic checks are performed as well.  See the individual
  * setter methods for specifics.
  *
  * @param p_scheme the URI scheme (cannot be null or empty)
  * @param p_host the hostname, IPv4 address or IPv6 reference for the URI
  * @param p_path the URI path - if the path contains '?' or '#',
  *               then the query string and/or fragment will be
  *               set from the path; however, if the query and
  *               fragment are specified both in the path and as
  *               separate parameters, an exception is thrown
  * @param p_queryString the URI query string (cannot be specified
  *                      if path is null)
  * @param p_fragment the URI fragment (cannot be specified if path
  *                   is null)
  *
  * @exception MalformedURIException if any of the parameters violates
  *                                  syntax rules or semantic rules
  */
  public URI(String p_scheme, String p_host, String p_path,
             String p_queryString, String p_fragment)
         throws MalformedURIException {
    this(p_scheme, null, p_host, -1, p_path, p_queryString, p_fragment);
  }

 /**
  * Construct a new URI that follows the generic URI syntax from its
  * component parts. Each component is validated for syntax and some
  * basic semantic checks are performed as well.  See the individual
  * setter methods for specifics.
  *
  * @param p_scheme the URI scheme (cannot be null or empty)