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  <title>得分排行</title>
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<h3><a href="http://caterpillar.onlyfun.net/GossipCN/index.html">From
Gossip@caterpillar</a></h3>





<h1><a href="AlgorithmGossip.htm">Algorithm Gossip: 得分排行</a></h1>





<h2>说明</h2>

假设有一教师依学生座号输入考试分数,现希望在输入完毕后自动显示学生分数的排行,当然学生的分数可能相同。<br>

<h2>解法</h2>

这个问题基本上要解不难,只要使用额外的一个排行阵列走访分数阵列就可以了,直接使用下面的程式片段作说明:<br>

<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">for(i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) { </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; juni[i] = 1; </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for(j = 0; j &lt; count; j++) { </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if(score[j] &gt; score[i]) </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; juni[i]++; </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">} </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">printf("得分\t排行\n"); </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">for(i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) </span><br style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">

<span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("%d\t%d\n", score[i], juni[i]); </span><br>

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&nbsp;<br>

上面这个方法虽然简单,但是反覆计算的次数是n^2,如果n值变大,那么运算的时间就会拖长;改变juni阵列的长度为n+2,并将初始值设定为0,如下所示: <br>


<div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 418px; height: 61px;" alt="得分排行" title="得分排行" src="images/scoreRank-1.jpg"></div>

<br>


接下来走访分数阵列,并在分数所对应的排行阵列索引元素上加1,如下所示:<br>

<div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 418px; height: 64px;" alt="得分排行" title="得分排行" src="images/scoreRank-2.jpg"></div>

<br>

将排行阵列最右边的元素设定为1,然后依序将右边的元素值加至左边一个元素,最后排行阵列中的“分数+1””就是得该分数的排行,如下所示: <br>

<div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 482px; height: 157px;" alt="得分排行" title="得分排行" src="images/scoreRank-3.jpg"></div>

这样的方式看起来复杂,其实不过在计算某分数之前排行的人数,假设89分之前的排行人数为x人,则89分自然就是x+1了,这也是为什么排行阵列最右边要设定为1的原因;如果89分有y人,则88分自然就是x+y+1,整个阵列右边元素向左加的原因正是如此。<br>

<br>

如果分数有负分的情况,由于C/C++或Java等程式语言无法处理负的索引,所以必须加上一个偏移值,将所有的分数先往右偏移一个范围即可,最后显示的时候记得减回偏移值就可以了。 <br>

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<h2> 实作</h2>


<ul>

  <li> C </li>

</ul>


<pre>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; <br>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt; <br>#define MAX 100 <br>#define MIN 0 <br><br>int main(void) { <br>    int score[MAX+1] = {0}; <br>    int juni[MAX+2] = {0}; <br>    int count = 0, i; <br><br>    do { <br>       printf("输入分数,-1结束:"); <br>       scanf("%d", &amp;score[count++]); <br>    } while(score[count-1] != -1);<br><br>    count--; <br><br>    for(i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) <br>        juni[score[i]]++; <br>    juni[MAX+1] = 1; <br><br>    for(i = MAX; i &gt;= MIN; i--) <br>        juni[i] = juni[i] + juni[i+1]; <br><br>    printf("得分\t排行\n"); <br>    for(i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) <br>        printf("%d\t%d\n", score[i], juni[score[i]+1]); <br><br>    return 0; <br>} <br></pre>


<br>


<ul>

  <li> Java </li>

</ul>


<pre>import java.io.*;<br><br>public class ScoreRank {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) <br>                 throws NumberFormatException, IOException {<br>        final int MAX = 100;<br>        final int MIN = 0;<br>		<br>        int[] score = new int[MAX+1]; <br>        int[] juni = new int[MAX+2];<br>	    <br>        BufferedReader reader = <br>	    	new BufferedReader(<br>                       new InputStreamReader(System.in));<br>        int count = 0; <br><br>        do { <br>            System.out.print("输入分数,-1结束:"); <br>            score[count++] = <br>                      Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine()); <br>        } while((score[count-1] != -1));<br><br>        count--; <br><br>        for(int i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) <br>            juni[score[i]]++; <br>        juni[MAX+1] = 1; <br><br>        for(int i = MAX; i &gt;= MIN; i--) <br>            juni[i] = juni[i] + juni[i+1]; <br><br>        System.out.println("得分\t排行"); <br>        for(int i = 0; i &lt; count; i++) {<br>            System.out.println(score[i] + "\t" + <br>                             juni[score[i]+1]); <br>        }<br>    }<br>} </pre>

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