8.6.htm

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hyperlinked ECMA C# Language Specification</title><meta name="author" content="Jon Jagger" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="ecma334.css"></link></head><body><div align="right"><em><a href="http://www.jaggersoft.com">Jon Jagger</a></em></div><div align="right"><a href="mailto:jon@jaggersoft.com">jon@jaggersoft.com</a></div><form method="get" action="http://search.atomz.com/search/"><input size="30" name="sp-q"></input><input type="submit" value="Search C# Spec"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-a" value="sp10024177"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-f" value="ISO-8859-1"></input></form><a href="toc.htm">Table of Contents</a> <a href="1.htm">1</a> <a href="2.htm">2</a> <a href="3.htm">3</a> <a href="4.htm">4</a> <a href="5.htm">5</a> <a href="6.htm">6</a> <a href="7.htm">7</a> <a href="8.htm">8</a> <a href="9.htm">9</a> <a href="10.htm">10</a> <a href="11.htm">11</a> <a href="12.htm">12</a> <a href="13.htm">13</a> <a href="14.htm">14</a> <a href="15.htm">15</a> <a href="16.htm">16</a> <a href="17.htm">17</a> <a href="18.htm">18</a> <a href="19.htm">19</a> <a href="20.htm">20</a> <a href="21.htm">21</a> <a href="22.htm">22</a> <a href="23.htm">23</a> <a href="24.htm">24</a> <a href="25.htm">25</a> <a href="notes.htm">Notes</a> <a href="HyperlinkedCSharpECMA.zip">Download</a><span class="ruler"></span><span class="heading">ECMA-334 C# Language Specification</span><span class="navigate"><a href="8.5.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous" border="0" /></a><a href="8.7.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next" border="0" /></a></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="7.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="9.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="8.htm">8</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Language Overview</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="8.5.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="8.7.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number">8.6</span><span class="clause-title"> Statements</span></span><span class="informative"><span class="paragraph">C# borrows most of its statements directly from C and C++, though there are some noteworthy additions and modifications. The table below lists the kinds of statements that can be used, and provides an example for each. 
<table border="1">
<tr>
  <th align="left">Statement</th>
  <th align="left">Example</th>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>Statement lists and block statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    F();
    G();
    {
        H();
        I();
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>Labeled statements and goto statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    if (args.Length == 0)
        goto done;
    Console.WriteLine(args.Length);

done:
    Console.WriteLine("Done");
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>Local constant declarations</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    const float pi = 3.14f;
    const int r = 123;
    Console.WriteLine(pi * r * r);
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>Local variable declarations</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    int a;
    int b = 2, c = 3;
    a = 1;
    Console.WriteLine(a + b + c);
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>Expression statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static int F(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}
static void Main() {
    F(1, 2); // Expression statement
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>if statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    if (args.Length == 0)
        Console.WriteLine("No args");
    else
        Console.WriteLine("Args");
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>switch statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    switch (args.Length) {
        case 0:
            Console.WriteLine("No args");
            break;
        case 1:
            Console.WriteLine("One arg");
            break;
        default:
            int n = args.Length;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} args", n);
            break;
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>while statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    int i = 0;
    while (i < args.Length) {
        Console.WriteLine(args[i]);
        i++;
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>do statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    string s;
    do { s = Console.ReadLine(); }
    while (s != "Exit");
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>for statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
        Console.WriteLine(args[i]);
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>foreach statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    foreach (string s in args)
        Console.WriteLine(s);
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>break statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
        if (i == args.Length)
            break;
        Console.WriteLine(args[i++]);
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>continue statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main(string[] args) {
    int i = 0;
    while (true) {
        Console.WriteLine(args[i++]);
        if (i < args.Length)
            continue;
        break;
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>return statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static int F(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}
static void Main() {
    Console.WriteLine(F(1, 2));
    return;
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>throw statements and try statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static int F(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0)
        throw new Exception("Divide by zero");
    return a / b;
}
static void Main() {
    try {
        Console.WriteLine(F(5, 0));
    }
    catch(Exception e) {
        Console.WriteLine("Error");
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>checked and unchecked statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    int x = Int32.MaxValue;
    Console.WriteLine(x + 1);     // Overflow
    checked {
        Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Exception
    }
    unchecked {
        Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Overflow
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>lock statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    A a = ...;
    lock(a) {
        a.P = a.P + 1;
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td>using statements</td>
  <td><pre>
static void Main() {
    using (Resource r = new Resource()) {
        r.F();
    }
}
</pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
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