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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hyperlinked ECMA C# Language Specification</title><meta name="author" content="Jon Jagger" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="ecma334.css"></link></head><body><div align="right"><em><a href="http://www.jaggersoft.com">Jon Jagger</a></em></div><div align="right"><a href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a></div><form method="get" action="http://search.atomz.com/search/"><input size="30" name="sp-q"></input><input type="submit" value="Search C# Spec"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-a" value="sp10024177"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-f" value="ISO-8859-1"></input></form><a href="toc.htm">Table of Contents</a> <a href="1.htm">1</a> <a href="2.htm">2</a> <a href="3.htm">3</a> <a href="4.htm">4</a> <a href="5.htm">5</a> <a href="6.htm">6</a> <a href="7.htm">7</a> <a href="8.htm">8</a> <a href="9.htm">9</a> <a href="10.htm">10</a> <a href="11.htm">11</a> <a href="12.htm">12</a> <a href="13.htm">13</a> <a href="14.htm">14</a> <a href="15.htm">15</a> <a href="16.htm">16</a> <a href="17.htm">17</a> <a href="18.htm">18</a> <a href="19.htm">19</a> <a href="20.htm">20</a> <a href="21.htm">21</a> <a href="22.htm">22</a> <a href="23.htm">23</a> <a href="24.htm">24</a> <a href="25.htm">25</a> <a href="notes.htm">Notes</a> <a href="HyperlinkedCSharpECMA.zip">Download</a><span class="ruler"></span><span class="heading">ECMA-334 C# Language Specification</span><span class="navigate"><a href="12.3.3.19.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous" border="0" /></a><a href="12.3.3.21.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next" border="0" /></a></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="11.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="13.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="12.htm">12</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Variables</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="12.2.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="12.4.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="12.3.htm">12.3</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Definite assignment</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="12.3.2.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="12.3.3.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="12.3.3.htm">12.3.3</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Precise rules for determining definite assignment</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="12.3.3.19.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="12.3.3.21.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number">12.3.3.20</span><span class="clause-title"> General rules for expressions with embedded expressions</span></span><span class="locator">
     Paragraph 1</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P1S1"></a>The following rules apply to these kinds of expressions: parenthesized expressions (<a href="14.5.3.htm">&#167;14.5.3</a>), element access expressions (<a href="14.5.6.htm">&#167;14.5.6</a>), base access expressions with indexing (<a href="14.5.8.htm">&#167;14.5.8</a>), increment and decrement expressions (<a href="14.5.9.htm">&#167;14.5.9</a>, <a href="14.6.5.htm">&#167;14.6.5</a>), cast expressions (<a href="14.6.6.htm">&#167;14.6.6</a>), unary +, -, ~, * expressions, binary +, -, *, /, %, &lt;&lt;, &gt;&gt;, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, ==, !=, is, as, &amp;, |, ^ expressions (<a href="14.7.htm">&#167;14.7</a>, <a href="14.8.htm">&#167;14.8</a>, <a href="14.9.htm">&#167;14.9</a>, <a href="14.10.htm">&#167;14.10</a>), compound assignment expressions (<a href="14.13.2.htm">&#167;14.13.2</a>), checked and unchecked expressions (<a href="14.5.12.htm">&#167;14.5.12</a>), array and delegate creation expressions (<a href="14.5.10.htm">&#167;14.5.10</a>).</span> </span><span class="locator">
     Paragraph 2</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P2S1"></a>Each of these expressions has one or more sub-expressions that are unconditionally evaluated in a fixed order.</span> <span class="example">[Example: For example, the binary % operator evaluates the left hand side of the operator, then the right hand side. An indexing operation evaluates the indexed expression, and then evaluates each of the index expressions, in order from left to right. end example]</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P2S2"></a>For an expression expr, which has sub-expressions expr<sub>1</sub>, expr<sub>2</sub>, ..., expr<sub>n</sub>, evaluated in that order: </span><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">3</span> <a name="P2S3"></a> The definite assignment state of v at the beginning of expr<sub>1</sub> is the same as the definite assignment state at the beginning of expr.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">4</span> <a name="P2S4"></a> The definite assignment state of v at the beginning of expr<sub>i</sub> (i greater than one) is the same as the definite assignment state at the end of expr<sub>i-1</sub>.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">5</span> <a name="P2S5"></a> The definite assignment state of v at the end of expr is the same as the definite assignment state at the end of expr<sub>n</sub>.</span> </li></ul></span><span class="ruler"></span><table><tr><td><table align="left" bgcolor="navy"><tr bgcolor="navy"><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="6" color="yellow"><strong>{ JSL }</strong></font></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Jagger Software Ltd</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Company # 4070126</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>VAT # 762 5213 42</strong></font></td></tr></table><img src="valid-html401.png" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid HTML 4.01" /><img src="vcss.gif" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid CSS" /></body></html>