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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hyperlinked ECMA C# Language Specification</title><meta name="author" content="Jon Jagger" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="ecma334.css"></link></head><body><div align="right"><em><a href="http://www.jaggersoft.com">Jon Jagger</a></em></div><div align="right"><a href="mailto:jon@jaggersoft.com">jon@jaggersoft.com</a></div><form method="get" action="http://search.atomz.com/search/"><input size="30" name="sp-q"></input><input type="submit" value="Search C# Spec"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-a" value="sp10024177"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-f" value="ISO-8859-1"></input></form><a href="toc.htm">Table of Contents</a> <a href="1.htm">1</a> <a href="2.htm">2</a> <a href="3.htm">3</a> <a href="4.htm">4</a> <a href="5.htm">5</a> <a href="6.htm">6</a> <a href="7.htm">7</a> <a href="8.htm">8</a> <a href="9.htm">9</a> <a href="10.htm">10</a> <a href="11.htm">11</a> <a href="12.htm">12</a> <a href="13.htm">13</a> <a href="14.htm">14</a> <a href="15.htm">15</a> <a href="16.htm">16</a> <a href="17.htm">17</a> <a href="18.htm">18</a> <a href="19.htm">19</a> <a href="20.htm">20</a> <a href="21.htm">21</a> <a href="22.htm">22</a> <a href="23.htm">23</a> <a href="24.htm">24</a> <a href="25.htm">25</a> <a href="notes.htm">Notes</a> <a href="HyperlinkedCSharpECMA.zip">Download</a><span class="ruler"></span><span class="heading">ECMA-334 C# Language Specification</span><span class="navigate"><a href="17.1.3.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous" border="0" /></a><a href="17.2.1.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next" border="0" /></a></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="16.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="18.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="17.htm">17</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Classes</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="17.1.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="17.3.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number">17.2</span><span class="clause-title"> Class members</span></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 1</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P1S1"></a>The members of a class consist of the members introduced by its <span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.2.htm#class-member-declaration">class-member-declaration</a></span>s and the members inherited from the direct base class.</span> <span class="grammar-production"><span class="name"><a name="class-member-declarations"></a>class-member-declarations</span> : <span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.2.htm#class-member-declaration">class-member-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.2.htm#class-member-declarations">class-member-declarations</a></span> <span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.2.htm#class-member-declaration">class-member-declaration</a></span> </span></span><span class="grammar-production"><span class="name"><a name="class-member-declaration"></a>class-member-declaration</span> : <span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.3.htm#constant-declaration">constant-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.4.htm#field-declaration">field-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.5.htm#method-declaration">method-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.6.htm#property-declaration">property-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.7.htm#event-declaration">event-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.8.htm#indexer-declaration">indexer-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.9.htm#operator-declaration">operator-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.10.htm#constructor-declaration">constructor-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.12.htm#destructor-declaration">destructor-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.11.htm#static-constructor-declaration">static-constructor-declaration</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="16.5.htm#type-declaration">type-declaration</a></span> </span></span></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 2</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P2S1"></a>The members of a class are divided into the following categories: </span><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P2S2"></a> Constants, which represent constant values associated with that class (<a href="17.3.htm">§17.3</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">3</span> <a name="P2S3"></a> Fields, which are the variables of that class (<a href="17.4.htm">§17.4</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">4</span> <a name="P2S4"></a> Methods, which implement the computations and actions that can be performed by that class (<a href="17.5.htm">§17.5</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">5</span> <a name="P2S5"></a> Properties, which define named characteristics and the actions associated with reading and writing those characteristics (<a href="17.6.htm">§17.6</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">6</span> <a name="P2S6"></a> Events, which define notifications that can be generated by that class (<a href="17.7.htm">§17.7</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">7</span> <a name="P2S7"></a> Indexers, which permit instances of that class to be indexed in the same way as arrays (<a href="17.8.htm">§17.8</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">8</span> <a name="P2S8"></a> Operators, which define the expression operators that can be applied to instances of that class (<a href="17.9.htm">§17.9</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">9</span> <a name="P2S9"></a> Instance constructors, which implement the actions required to initialize instances of that class (<a href="17.10.htm">§17.10</a>) </span></li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">10</span> <a name="P2S10"></a> Destructors, which implement the actions to be performed before instances of that class are permanently discarded (<a href="17.12.htm">§17.12</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">11</span> <a name="P2S11"></a> Static constructors, which implement the actions required to initialize that class itself (<a href="17.11.htm">§17.11</a>).</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">12</span> <a name="P2S12"></a> Types, which represent the types that are local to that class (<a href="16.5.htm">§16.5</a>).</span> </li></ul></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 3</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P3S1"></a>Members that can contain executable code are collectively known as the function members of the class.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P3S2"></a>The function members of a class are the methods, properties, events, indexers, operators, instance constructors, destructors, and static constructors of that class.</span> </span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 4</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P4S1"></a>A <span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.1.htm#class-declaration">class-declaration</a></span> creates a new declaration space (<a href="10.3.htm">§10.3</a>), and the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.2.htm#class-member-declaration">class-member-declaration</a></span>s immediately contained by the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="17.1.htm#class-declaration">class-declaration</a></span> introduce new members into this declaration space.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P4S2"></a>The following rules apply to class-member-declarations: </span><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">3</span> <a name="P4S3"></a> Instance constructors, destructors, and static constructors must have the same name as the immediately enclosing class.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">4</span> <a name="P4S4"></a>All other members must have names that differ from the name of the immediately enclosing class.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">5</span> <a name="P4S5"></a> The name of a constant, field, property, event, or type must differ from the names of all other members declared in the same class.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">6</span> <a name="P4S6"></a> The name of a method must differ from the names of all other non-methods declared in the same class.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">7</span> <a name="P4S7"></a>In addition, the signature (<a href="10.6.htm">§10.6</a>) of a method must differ from the signatures of all other methods declared in the same class.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">8</span> <a name="P4S8"></a> The signature of an instance constructor must differ from the signatures of all other instance constructors declared in the same class.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">9</span> <a name="P4S9"></a> The signature of an indexer must differ from the signatures of all other indexers declared in the same class.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">10</span> <a name="P4S10"></a> The signature of an operator must differ from the signatures of all other operators declared in the same class.</span> </li></ul></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 5</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P5S1"></a>The inherited members of a class (<a href="17.2.1.htm">§17.2.1</a>) are not part of the declaration space of a class.</span> <span class="note">[Note: Thus, a derived class is allowed to declare a member with the same name or signature as an inherited member (which in effect hides the inherited member). end note]</span> </span><span class="ruler"></span><table><tr><td><table align="left" bgcolor="navy"><tr bgcolor="navy"><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="6" color="yellow"><strong>{ JSL }</strong></font></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Jagger Software Ltd</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Company # 4070126</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>VAT # 762 5213 42</strong></font></td></tr></table><img src="valid-html401.png" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid HTML 4.01" /><img src="vcss.gif" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid CSS" /></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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