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This ECMA Standard specifies the form and establishes the interpretation of programs written in the

<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.9.10.htm">14.9.10</a> <span class="toc-name">The as operator</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.10.htm">14.10</a> <span class="toc-name">Logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.10.1.htm">14.10.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Integer logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.10.2.htm">14.10.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Enumeration logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.10.3.htm">14.10.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Boolean logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.11.htm">14.11</a> <span class="toc-name">Conditional logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.11.1.htm">14.11.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Boolean conditional logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.11.2.htm">14.11.2</a> <span class="toc-name">User-defined conditional logical operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.12.htm">14.12</a> <span class="toc-name">Conditional operator</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.13.htm">14.13</a> <span class="toc-name">Assignment operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.13.1.htm">14.13.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Simple assignment</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.13.2.htm">14.13.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Compound assignment</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="14.13.3.htm">14.13.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Event assignment</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.14.htm">14.14</a> <span class="toc-name">Expression</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.15.htm">14.15</a> <span class="toc-name">Constant expressions</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="14.16.htm">14.16</a> <span class="toc-name">Boolean expressions</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><a href="15.htm">15</a> <span class="toc-name">Statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.1.htm">15.1</a> <span class="toc-name">End points and reachability</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.2.htm">15.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Blocks</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.2.1.htm">15.2.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Statement lists</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.3.htm">15.3</a> <span class="toc-name">The empty statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.4.htm">15.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Labeled statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.5.htm">15.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Declaration statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.5.1.htm">15.5.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Local variable declarations</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.5.2.htm">15.5.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Local constant declarations</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.6.htm">15.6</a> <span class="toc-name">Expression statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.7.htm">15.7</a> <span class="toc-name">Selection statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.7.1.htm">15.7.1</a> <span class="toc-name">The if statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.7.2.htm">15.7.2</a> <span class="toc-name">The switch statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.8.htm">15.8</a> <span class="toc-name">Iteration statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.8.1.htm">15.8.1</a> <span class="toc-name">The while statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.8.2.htm">15.8.2</a> <span class="toc-name">The do statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.8.3.htm">15.8.3</a> <span class="toc-name">The for statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.8.4.htm">15.8.4</a> <span class="toc-name">The foreach statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.9.htm">15.9</a> <span class="toc-name">Jump statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.9.1.htm">15.9.1</a> <span class="toc-name">The break statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.9.2.htm">15.9.2</a> <span class="toc-name">The continue statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.9.3.htm">15.9.3</a> <span class="toc-name">The goto statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.9.4.htm">15.9.4</a> <span class="toc-name">The return statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="15.9.5.htm">15.9.5</a> <span class="toc-name">The throw statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.10.htm">15.10</a> <span class="toc-name">The try statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.11.htm">15.11</a> <span class="toc-name">The checked and unchecked statements</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.12.htm">15.12</a> <span class="toc-name">The lock statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="15.13.htm">15.13</a> <span class="toc-name">The using statement</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><a href="16.htm">16</a> <span class="toc-name">Namespaces</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="16.1.htm">16.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Compilation units</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="16.2.htm">16.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Namespace declarations</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="16.3.htm">16.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Using directives</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="16.3.1.htm">16.3.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Using alias directives</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="16.3.2.htm">16.3.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Using namespace directives</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="16.4.htm">16.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Namespace members</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="16.5.htm">16.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Type declarations</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><a href="17.htm">17</a> <span class="toc-name">Classes</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.1.htm">17.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Class declarations</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.1.1.htm">17.1.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Class modifiers</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.1.2.htm">17.1.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Class base specification</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.1.3.htm">17.1.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Class body</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.2.htm">17.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Class members</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.1.htm">17.2.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Inheritance</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.2.htm">17.2.2</a> <span class="toc-name">The new modifier</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.3.htm">17.2.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Access modifiers</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.4.htm">17.2.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Constituent types</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.5.htm">17.2.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Static and instance members</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.6.htm">17.2.6</a> <span class="toc-name">Nested types</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.2.7.htm">17.2.7</a> <span class="toc-name">Reserved member names</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.3.htm">17.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Constants</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.4.htm">17.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Fields</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.4.1.htm">17.4.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Static and instance fields</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.4.2.htm">17.4.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Readonly fields</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.4.3.htm">17.4.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Volatile fields</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.4.4.htm">17.4.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Field initialization</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.4.5.htm">17.4.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Variable initializers</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.5.htm">17.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.1.htm">17.5.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Method parameters</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.2.htm">17.5.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Static and instance methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.3.htm">17.5.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Virtual methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.4.htm">17.5.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Override methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.5.htm">17.5.5</a> <span class="toc-name">Sealed methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.6.htm">17.5.6</a> <span class="toc-name">Abstract methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.7.htm">17.5.7</a> <span class="toc-name">External methods</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.8.htm">17.5.8</a> <span class="toc-name">Method body</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.5.9.htm">17.5.9</a> <span class="toc-name">Method overloading</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.6.htm">17.6</a> <span class="toc-name">Properties</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.6.1.htm">17.6.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Static and instance properties</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.6.2.htm">17.6.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Accessors</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.6.3.htm">17.6.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Virtual</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.7.htm">17.7</a> <span class="toc-name">Events</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.7.1.htm">17.7.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Field-like events</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.7.2.htm">17.7.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Event accessors</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.7.3.htm">17.7.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Static and instance events</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.7.4.htm">17.7.4</a> <span class="toc-name">Virtual</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.8.htm">17.8</a> <span class="toc-name">Indexers</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.8.1.htm">17.8.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Indexer overloading</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.9.htm">17.9</a> <span class="toc-name">Operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.9.1.htm">17.9.1</a> <span class="toc-name">Unary operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.9.2.htm">17.9.2</a> <span class="toc-name">Binary operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">............</span><a href="17.9.3.htm">17.9.3</a> <span class="toc-name">Conversion operators</span></span>
<span class="toc-line"><span class="toc-space">......</span><a href="17.10.htm">17.10</a> <span class="toc-name">Instance constructors</span></span>