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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><title>Hyperlinked ECMA C# Language Specification</title><meta name="author" content="Jon Jagger" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="ecma334.css"></link></head><body><div align="right"><em><a href="http://www.jaggersoft.com">Jon Jagger</a></em></div><div align="right"><a href="mailto:jon@jaggersoft.com">jon@jaggersoft.com</a></div><form method="get" action="http://search.atomz.com/search/"><input size="30" name="sp-q"></input><input type="submit" value="Search C# Spec"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-a" value="sp10024177"></input><input type="hidden" name="sp-f" value="ISO-8859-1"></input></form><a href="toc.htm">Table of Contents</a> <a href="1.htm">1</a> <a href="2.htm">2</a> <a href="3.htm">3</a> <a href="4.htm">4</a> <a href="5.htm">5</a> <a href="6.htm">6</a> <a href="7.htm">7</a> <a href="8.htm">8</a> <a href="9.htm">9</a> <a href="10.htm">10</a> <a href="11.htm">11</a> <a href="12.htm">12</a> <a href="13.htm">13</a> <a href="14.htm">14</a> <a href="15.htm">15</a> <a href="16.htm">16</a> <a href="17.htm">17</a> <a href="18.htm">18</a> <a href="19.htm">19</a> <a href="20.htm">20</a> <a href="21.htm">21</a> <a href="22.htm">22</a> <a href="23.htm">23</a> <a href="24.htm">24</a> <a href="25.htm">25</a> <a href="notes.htm">Notes</a> <a href="HyperlinkedCSharpECMA.zip">Download</a><span class="ruler"></span><span class="heading">ECMA-334 C# Language Specification</span><span class="navigate"><a href="10.7.1.2.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous" border="0" /></a><a href="10.8.1.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next" border="0" /></a></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="9.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="11.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number-link"><a href="10.htm">10</a></span><span class="clause-title-previous"> Basic concepts</span></span><span class="clause-depth"><a href="10.7.htm"><img src="previous.gif" alt="previous at this level" border="0" /></a><a href="10.9.htm"><img src="next.gif" alt="next at this level" border="0" /></a> <span class="clause-number">10.8</span><span class="clause-title"> Namespace and type names</span></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 1</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P1S1"></a>Several contexts in a C# program require a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-name">namespace-name</a></span> or a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#type-name">type-name</a></span> to be specified.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P1S2"></a>Either form of name is written as one or more identifiers separated by "." tokens.</span> <span class="grammar-production"><span class="name"><a name="namespace-name"></a>namespace-name</span> : <span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> </span></span><span class="grammar-production"><span class="name"><a name="type-name"></a>type-name</span> : <span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> </span></span><span class="grammar-production"><span class="name"><a name="namespace-or-type-name"></a>namespace-or-type-name</span> : <span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="9.4.2.htm#identifier">identifier</a></span> </span><span class="rhs"><span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> <span class="terminal">.</span> <span class="non-terminal"><a href="9.4.2.htm#identifier">identifier</a></span> </span></span></span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 2</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P2S1"></a>A <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#type-name">type-name</a></span> is a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> that refers to a type.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P2S2"></a>Following resolution as described below, the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> of a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#type-name">type-name</a></span> must refer to a type, or otherwise a compile-time error occurs.</span> </span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 3</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P3S1"></a>A <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-name">namespace-name</a></span> is a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> that refers to a namespace.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P3S2"></a>Following resolution as described below, the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> of a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-name">namespace-name</a></span> must refer to a namespace, or otherwise a compile-time error occurs.</span> </span><span class="locator">
Paragraph 4</span><span class="paragraph"><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">1</span> <a name="P4S1"></a>The meaning of a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> is determined as follows: </span><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">2</span> <a name="P4S2"></a> If the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> consists of a single identifier: </span></li><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">3</span> <a name="P4S3"></a> If the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> appears within the body of a class or struct declaration, then starting with that class or struct declaration and continuing with each enclosing class or struct declaration (if any), if a member with the given name exists, is accessible, and denotes a type, then the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> refers to that member.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">4</span> <a name="P4S4"></a>Non-type members (constants, fields, methods, properties, indexers, operators, instance constructors, destructors, and static constructors) are ignored when determining the meaning of a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span>.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">5</span> <a name="P4S5"></a> Otherwise, starting with the namespace in which the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> occurs, continuing with each enclosing namespace (if any), and ending with the global namespace, the following steps are evaluated until an entity is located: </span></li><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">6</span> <a name="P4S6"></a> If the namespace contains a namespace member with the given name, then the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> refers to that member and, depending on the member, is classified as a namespace or a type.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">7</span> <a name="P4S7"></a> Otherwise, if the namespace has a corresponding namespace declaration enclosing the location where the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> occurs, then: </span></li><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">8</span> <a name="P4S8"></a> If the namespace declaration contains a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="16.3.1.htm#using-alias-directive">using-alias-directive</a></span> that associates the given name with an imported namespace or type, then the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> refers to that namespace or type.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">9</span> <a name="P4S9"></a> Otherwise, if the namespaces imported by the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="16.3.2.htm#using-namespace-directive">using-namespace-directive</a></span>s of the namespace declaration contain exactly one type with the given name, then the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> refers to that type.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">10</span> <a name="P4S10"></a> Otherwise, if the namespaces imported by the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="16.3.2.htm#using-namespace-directive">using-namespace-directive</a></span>s of the namespace declaration contain more than one type with the given name, then the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> is ambiguous and an error occurs.</span> </li></ul></ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">11</span> <a name="P4S11"></a> Otherwise, the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> is undefined and a compile-time error occurs.</span> </li></ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">12</span> <a name="P4S12"></a> Otherwise, the <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> is of the form N.I, where N is a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span> consisting of all identifiers but the rightmost one, and I is the rightmost identifier.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">13</span> <a name="P4S13"></a>N is first resolved as a <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span>.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">14</span> <a name="P4S14"></a>If the resolution of N is not successful, a compile-time error occurs.</span> <span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">15</span> <a name="P4S15"></a>Otherwise, N.I is resolved as follows: </span></li><ul><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">16</span> <a name="P4S16"></a> If N is a namespace and I is the name of an accessible member of that namespace, then N.I refers to that member and, depending on the member, is classified as a namespace or a type.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">17</span> <a name="P4S17"></a> If N is a class or struct type and I is the name of an accessible type in N, then N.I refers to that type.</span> </li><li><span class="sentence"><span class="sentence-number">18</span> <a name="P4S18"></a> Otherwise, N.I is an invalid <span class="non-terminal"><a href="10.8.htm#namespace-or-type-name">namespace-or-type-name</a></span>, and a compile-time error occurs.</span> </li></ul></ul></span><span class="ruler"></span><table><tr><td><table align="left" bgcolor="navy"><tr bgcolor="navy"><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="6" color="yellow"><strong>{ JSL }</strong></font></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Jagger Software Ltd</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>Company # 4070126</strong></font></td></tr><tr><td><font face="Arial,sans-serif" size="2" color="navy"><strong>VAT # 762 5213 42</strong></font></td></tr></table><img src="valid-html401.png" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid HTML 4.01" /><img src="vcss.gif" align="left" height="31" width="88" alt="Valid CSS" /></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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