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<HTML><HEAD><BASE HREF="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/"><TITLE>DVD+RW/+R/-R[W] for Linux</TITLE><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="dvd, recording, burning, rewritable, dvd+rw, dvd+r, dvdplusrw, dvd-rw, dvd-r, dvd-ram, dvd+r double layer, dvd+r dl, linux, netbsd, openbsd, solaris, freebsd, hp-ux, irix, unix, hp, ricoh, philips, sony, nec, plextor, benq, optorite, lite-on, pioneer, lg, panasonic, matshita, multi-session, growisofs"><META NAME="description" CONTENT="DVD+RW/+R/-R[W] support for Linux, NetBSD, Solaris, FreeBSD, HP-UX: user-land utilities and optional Linux kernel patch"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><LINK REL="icon" HREF="dvdplusrw.ico" TYPE="image/x-icon"><LINK REL="shortcut icon" HREF="dvdplusrw.ico" TYPE="image/x-icon"></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#C0C0C0" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000D0" VLINK="#502090" ALINK="#FF0000"><P><HR><TABLE><TR><TD WIDTH="100%"><H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://www.dvdplusrw.org/">DVD+RW</A>/+R/<AHREF="-RW/">-R[W]</A> for Linux</H1><H5 ALIGN="CENTER">by <appro@fy.chalmers.se>,August 2004</H5><TD VALIGN="top"><AHREF="http://www.ioss.jp/sohodiy/vol02-part01.html"><IMGSRC="japanese.gif" WIDTH=48 HEIGHT=19 BORDER=0 ALT="Japanese"></A></TR></TABLE><P><HR><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">What is this page (not) about?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A.<SUP> </SUP> <TD>Maybe to your disappointment it is <B>not</B> about video<SUP>(*)</SUP>. The scope of this page is primarily computer storage applications of DVD±RW/±R, things like backup, archiving, data exchange... The downloadable files are an <I>optional</I> <A HREF="linux-2.4.patch">Linux 2.4 kernel DVD+RW patch</A> and a couple of user-land utilities dubbed as <NOBR><A HREF="tools/?M=D">dvd+rw-tools</A></NOBR>. <P><TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TR VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> <TD><FONT SIZE="-1"><SUP>(*)</SUP></FONT> <TD><FONT SIZE="-1">Though it doesn't mean that you can't burn DVD-Video discs with dvd+rw-tools. [Unlike Video-CD] DVD-Video is "molded" in an ordinary data file system and therefore no explicit support by the burning program is actually required. In other words it is the DVD-Video <I>content preparation</I> which is beyond the scope of this page.</FONT></TR> </TABLE> </TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">Kernel patch? This sounds too complicated already! Can't I just use cdrecord?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>It should be explicitly noted that the <B>user-land utilities, dvd+rw-tools,</B> do suffice for DVD recording without explicit kernel support. So if they <A HREF="#tutorial">fulfill your requirements</A>, <I>then</I> <B>patching the kernel is</B> by all means <B>optional.</B> As for cdrecord, DVD+RW/+R recording strategies are somewhat different from the one supported by cdrecord, so it simply doesn't work (nor does dvdrecord<A HREF="http://www.freesoftware.fsf.org/dvdrtools/">,</A> despite what <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.3-Manual/release-notes/x86/">RedHat 7.3 Release Notes</A> say).</TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">What is the kernel patch good for then?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>DVD+RW (but not DVD+R) is a true random write access media and therefore is suitable for housing of an arbitrary file system, e.g. <B>udf,</B> vfat, ext2, etc. This, and this alone, qualifies DVD+RW support for kernel implementation. <I>However,</I> I have to recommend to <B>deploy it with caution</B>, see <A HREF="#udf">tutorial</A> for further details. Also note that not all OEMs seem to live up to the promise of true random write access. As for the moment of this writing apparenly only 2nd generation Ricoh-based units (see <A HREF="http://www.dvdplusrw.org/">dvdplusrw.org</A> for generation listings) equipped with later firmware can sustain I/O fragmentation (see Technical Ramblings below for further details) and perform <I>reliably</I>.</TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">What are the dvd+rw-tools for?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>As implied/already mentioned - <B>to master the DVD media, both +RW/+R and <A HREF="-RW/">-R[W]</A>.</B> I could simply refer to the tutorial below, but figured that couple of words about the [original] design ideas behind <B>growisofs, the principal burning utility,</B> wouldn't harm. Even though a modified kernel can let you put for example an ext2 file system on DVD+RW, it's probably not very practical, because you most likely want to access the data on an <I>arbitrary</I> computer. Or in other words you most likely want ISO9660. The trouble is that you might as well want to <I>add</I> data now and then. And what options do you have in the lack of multiple sessions (no, DVD+RW has no notion of multiple sessions)? Complete re-mastering which takes more and more time as data set grows? Well, yes, <I>unless</I> you employ growisofs! Growisofs provides the way to both lay down <I>and</I> grow an ISO9660 file system on (as well as to burn an arbitrary pre-mastered image to) all supported DVD media.</TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">But if they support both + and - recording strategies, why are they called dvd+rw-tools?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>For historical/nostalgical reasons, as originally they did support exclusively DVD+plus. On the other hand now, when the vast majority of DVD burners that are being introduced to the market today are DVD+capable, the name most likely refers to your unit in either case. And you can always consider the plus in the name as notion of some unique quality, such as "seamless" multi-sessioning, not as reference to some particular format:-)</TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">Do I still need <A HREF="http://www.fokus.fhg.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html">cdrtools</A>?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>Yes. It should be explicitly noted that <B>growisofs is a front-end to mkisofs,</B> i.e. invokes mkisofs to perform the actual ISO9660 file system layout. Secondly, the DVD burners available on the market can burn even CD-R[W] media and cdrecord is the tool for this job [and this job only].</TR></TABLE><!--<P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">There are dual-format DVD+RW/-RW units available on the market, e.g. SONY DRU500. Can I use dvd+rw-tools with it/them?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>If the question is if you can use dvd+rw-tools to master the DVD+RW/+R media in a ±RW drive, then the answer always was "definitely yes." If the question really is if <B>you can use dvd+rw-tools to burn even DVD-R[W] media,</B> then I have the pleasure to inform you that as of version 5.0 dvd+rw-tools provide <I>experimental</I> support even for recording of DVD-R[W] media and refer you to <A HREF="-RW/">a dedicated page</A> for further details.</TR></TABLE>--><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">Does it work with <I>my</I> DVD burner?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>If your unit is <A HREF="http://www.t10.org/drafts.htm#mmc3">MMC</A> compliant, then the answer is "<A HREF="hcn.html">most likely</A> it just does." Well, as the probability of your unit being non-MMC compliant is virtually zero, the answer in practice is unconditionally "<A HREF="hcn.html">most likely</A>." The [core] tools were reported to work with a wide range of drives, including [but not limited to] <NOBR>HP dvd[12345]x0i,</NOBR> <NOBR>Ricoh MP512x,</NOBR> <NOBR>Philips DVDRW[248]xx,</NOBR> <NOBR>SONY DRU-[157]x0,</NOBR> <NOBR>NEC ND-[12]xx0,</NOBR> <NOBR>TDK indiDVD 4x0N,</NOBR> <NOBR>Plextor PX-[57]xx,</NOBR> <NOBR>Benq DW[48]00A,</NOBR> <NOBR>OptoRite DD0[24]0x,</NOBR> <NOBR>Lite-On LDW-[48]x1S,</NOBR> as well as <A HREF="-RW/">nonplus</A> units such as <NOBR>Pioneer DVR-x0[4567],</NOBR> <NOBR>LG GxA-40[248]x,</NOBR> <NOBR>Toshiba SD-R[56]112,</NOBR> <NOBR>Panasonic UJ-811</NOBR> and <NOBR>LF-D[35]1x...</NOBR></TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">Is there a GUI front-end available for dvd+rw-tools?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD><A HREF="http://www.k3b.org/">K3b,</A> version 0.10 and later, and <A HREF="http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/nautilus-cd-burner/">nautilus-cd-burner,</A> version 0.5.1 and later, are both hiding growisofs behind their pretty buttons and menus:-) Keep in mind that those are not directly related to <NOBR>dvd+rw-tools</NOBR> development effort and GUI users should turn elsewhere for <I>end-user</I> support. Oh! dvd+rw-tools 5.10.x is a minimum requirement for GUI frontends...</TR></TABLE><P><TABLE CELLPADDING=4><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TH>Q. <TH ALIGN="left">I don't run Linux. What are my options?</TR><TR VALIGN="top" ALIGN="justify"><TD>A. <TD>Version 5.4 adds support for <B><A HREF="http://www.mosha.net/05-dvdrw/dvdrw.shtml">OpenBSD</A>/NetBSD.</B> Version 5.6 adds support for <B>Solaris 2.x</B> <FONT SIZE=-1>[<A HREF="solaris.com.html">commercial licensing</A> terms for distribution on Solaris are to be settled with <A HREF="http://www.inserve.se/">Inserve Technology</A>]</FONT>. Version 5.8 features <A HREF="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/creating-dvds.html"><B>FreeBSD</B></A> port contributed by Matthew Dillon, FreeBSD Development Team alumnus. <NOBR>Hewlett-Packard</NOBR> Company has donated <B><NOBR>HP-UX 11</NOBR></B> support for 5.14<SUP>(*)</SUP>. <B>IRIX 6.x</B> support appears in 5.19. <P><TABLE BORDER="0" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TR VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> <TD><I>¡</I> <TD><I>Common usage tip!</I><SUP> </SUP>Whenever separately available [and unless stated otherwise], do <B>use character-type device entry with <NOBR>dvd+rw-tools,</NOBR></B> e.g. OpenBSD/NetBSD users should stick to <TT>/dev/<FONT COLOR="red">r</FONT>cdXc</TT>.</TR> <TR VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><!-- <TD><FONT SIZE="-1"><SUP>(*)</SUP></FONT> <TD><FONT SIZE="-1">FreeBSD tip! If you have an IDE unit, <A HREF="http://www.cuivre.fr.eu.org/~thomas/atapicam/">atapicam</A> is your mantra! Secondly, if you have <TT>devfs</TT> mounted, you might have to <A HREF="fdescfs.sh">mount</A> <TT>fdescfs</TT> as well.</FONT></TR> --> <TR VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> <TD><FONT SIZE="-1"><SUP>(*)</SUP></FONT> <TD><FONT SIZE="-1">As of 5.14 HP-UX support was classified as "initial." Version 5.18 in turn is the one which has undergone <A HREF="tools/HP/">HP quality assurance</A> testing⌨️ 快捷键说明
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