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<H1>Thinking in Tkinter</H1> <SPAN
CLASS="font-size: small"><A HREF="../projects/index.html">Home</A><BR> Updated:
2005-04-14 </SPAN></CENTER> </TD>
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<H3>About <I>Thinking in Tkinter</I></H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>I've been trying to teach myself Tkinter out of various books, and I'm
finding it more difficult than I think it should be.</P>
<P>The problem is that the authors of the books want to rush into telling
me about all of the widgets in the Tkinter toolbox, but never really pause to
explain basic concepts. They don't explain how to "think in Tkinter". So I
thought that I would try to write the kind of book that I wanted to read. Or at
least the sketch of such a book.</P>
<P><I>Thinking in Tkinter</I> consists of a few short programs that begin
to explain how to think in Tkinter. In them, I don't attempt to catalog all of
the types of widgets, attributes, and methods that are available in Tkinter. I
just try to get started down the road of understanding some basic Tkinter
concepts.</P>
<P>These programs do not attempt to provide a comprehensive introduction
to all aspects of Tkinter programming. For that, I refer you to Frederik
Lundh's <A HREF="http://www.pythonware.com/library/index.htm">An Introduction
to Tkinter</A>, <A
HREF="http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/tkinter.html">Tkinter: GUI
Programming with Python</A> at the New Mexico Tech Computer Center, and the
other useful references at the bottom of this page.</P>
<P>Above all, I must emphasize that
<A
HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0130220280/qid=1031879522/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/103-5004459-9331864">Practical
Programming in Tcl and Tk</A> by Brent Welch is absolutely essential for
working with Tk and Tkinter. <B>Get this book!</B></P>
<P>Note that you should <U>not</U> run these programs under IDLE.
IDLE is itself a Tkinter application, with its own "mainloop" that will
conflict with the mainloop in these programs. If you really want to view and
run these programs using IDLE, then -- <U><I>for each program</I></U> -- you
should comment out the "mainloop" statement in the program before running
it.</P>
<P>This material has been substantially improved by feedback from folks
on comp.lang.python. A big "Thank you!" to Alan Colburn, Jeff Epler, Greg
Ewing, Tom Good, Steve Holden, Joseph Knapka, Gerrit Muller, Russell Owen, and
Chad Netzer. Thanks to Terry Carroll for catching and reporting typos.</P>
<P>A Brazilian/Portugese translation of <I>Thinking in Tkinter</I> is
available at <A HREF="http://geocities.yahoo.com.br/grupopython/pensando.pdf">
http://geocities.yahoo.com.br/grupopython/pensando.pdf</A>.</P>
<P>Finally, if you are new to event-driven programming (which Tkinter
requires) you may find <A
HREF="../projects/ferg-event_driven_programming.html"> Introduction to
Event-Driven Programming </A> useful.</P> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<H3>EasyGui</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>If you are less interested in learning Tkinter than in simply
putting a simple GUI front-end on your Python application, then
<A HREF="../easygui/index.html">EasyGui</A> may be what you need.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3>Thinking in Tkinter</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><I>Thinking in Tkinter</I> consists of a set of Python programs. Each
program contains a long documentation string with text that explains certain
concepts, followed by executable code that illustrates the concepts.</P>
<H3><I>Thinking in Tkinter</I> — Formatted for reading and
printing</H3>
<P>Click <A HREF="all_programs.html">HERE</A> to read and print
<I>Thinking in Tkinter.</I> This page contains all of the programs, formatted
as a single document to facilitate printing and reading. <B>NOTE</B> however
that you really have to download and run the programs to get their full
benefit.</P> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3>All programs in a ZIP file</H3>
<P>You can download a ZIP file containing all of the programs, plus a
driver file, by downloading <A
HREF="thinking_in_tkinter.zip">thinking_in_tkinter.zip</A>.</P>
<P>This zip file contains the <I>Thinking in Tkinter</I> Python files,
plus a driver program called <TT>thinking.py</TT> and a batch file called
<TT>thinking.bat</TT>. To install these files, simply unzip the zip file into a
directory (i.e. folder) of your choice. Once the have been unzipped, make that
directory your current directory. You can then start the programs from the
command prompt by entering:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE> <TT>python thinking.py</TT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
If you are in a Windows environment, you can start thinking.bat from the
command prompt simply by entering:
<BLOCKQUOTE> <TT>thinking</TT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
at the command-line prompt. </BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3>Individual programs online</H3>
<P>You can look at the individual programs online by clicking on the
following links</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="thinking.py">thinking.py</A> - the driver program</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt000.py">tt000.py</A> - introduction</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt010.py">tt010.py</A> - simplest possible Tkinter
program: 3 statements</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt020.py">tt020.py</A> - creating a GUI object; packing;
containers vs. widgets</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt030.py">tt030.py</A> - creating a widget and putting it
in a frame</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt035.py">tt035.py</A> - using a class structure in the
program</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt040.py">tt040.py</A> - some other ways to define a
widget</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt050.py">tt050.py</A> - packing</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt060.py">tt060.py</A> - event binding</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt070.py">tt070.py</A> - "focus" and binding a widget to
keyboard events</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt074.py">tt074.py</A> - command binding</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt075.py">tt075.py</A> - using event binding and command
binding together</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt076.py">tt076.py</A> - sharing information among event
handlers</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt077.py">tt077.py</A> - passing arguments to event
handlers (part 1) - the problem</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt078.py">tt078.py</A> - passing arguments to event
handlers (part 2) - solving it with lambda</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt079.py">tt079.py</A> - passing arguments to event
handlers (part 3) - solving it with currying</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt080.py">tt080.py</A> - widget options and pack
settings</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt090.py">tt090.py</A> - nesting frames</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt095.py">tt095.py</A> - Window Manager methods &
controlling the size of windows with the <I>geometry</I> option</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tt100.py">tt100.py</A> - pack options: side, expand, fill,
anchor</LI>
</UL> <BR> </BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3>Online Resources</H3>
<P>Tkinter</P>
<UL>
<LI><BR>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING="10" CELLSPACING="0">
<TR><TD WIDTH="60%"><A
HREF="http://linuxdidattica.org/docs/altre_scuole/msm_p/txs_01.html">Tkinter
per sopravvivere</A> by Prof. Massimo Piai is an article in Italian that uses
some of the material from "Thinking in Tkinter"</TD><TD><A
HREF="http://linuxdidattica.org/docs/altre_scuole/msm_p/txs_01.html"><IMG
SRC="italy_flag.jpg" ALT="Flag of Italy" ALIGN="MIDDLE" WIDTH="60" HEIGHT="40"
BORDER="2"></A></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE></LI>
<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/doc.html">Tkinter
page</A> at <A HREF="http://www.python.org">www.python.org</A></LI>
<LI>Frederik Lundh's
<A HREF="http://www.pythonware.com/library/index.htm">An Introduction to
Tkinter</A> - <B>* Very useful!</B></LI>
<LI><A
HREF="http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/tkinter.html">Tkinter: GUI
Programming with Python</A> at New Mexico Tech Computer Center - <B>* Very
useful!</B></LI>
<LI>Russell Owen's
<A HREF="http://www.astro.washington.edu/owen/TkinterSummary.html">Tkinter
Summary</A> and
<A HREF="http://www.astro.washington.edu/owen/ROTKFolklore.html">TKinter
Folklore</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://bembry.org/tech/python/index.php">bembry.org</A> has
some useful notes on Tkinter</LI>
<LI><A
HREF="http://www.faqts.com/knowledge_base/index.phtml/fid/264">Tkinter
FAQTs</A></LI>
</UL>
<P>Tcl and Tk</P>
<UL>
<LI>The site for Adrain Zimmer's book
<A HREF="http://www.mapfree.com/sbf/tcl/book/select/Html/Contents.html">Tcl/Tk
for Programmers</A> has three online chapters (11, 12, 13) on Tk.</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.4/TkCmd/contents.htm">Tk
Commands</A> - online TK documentation</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.tcl.tk/">Tcl Developers Exchange</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.4/TkCmd/contents.htm">Online Tk
documentation (for version 8.4 of Tcl)</A></LI>
</UL> <BR>
<H3>A Tip for Beginniners</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This is a problem that puzzles many beginning Tkinter programmers.
Frederik Lundh has the answer.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>From: bmgz (bmgz@dev.null)
Subject: Tk -- stupid blank dialog opens up in background
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
Date: 2003-12-13 02:38:17 PST</PRE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> I am just starting with Python. When I use Tk, a blank dialog
always opens up behind tkMessageBox or whatever other GUI element that one
executes. Is their a way of disabling this?</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<PRE>From: Fredrik Lundh (fredrik@pythonware.com)
</PRE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The "blank dialog" is Tkinter's root window. To eliminate that,
explicitly create a root and withdraw it before proceeding: </P>
<PRE> root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.withdraw() # won't need this
</PRE>
<P>If you're building a full-blown Tkinter application, the usual
approach is to put your widgets in the root window:</P>
<PRE> root = Tkinter.Tk()
mybutton = Button(root, text=...)
mybutton.pack() # etc
</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H3>Books</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A
HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0130220280/qid=1031879522/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/103-5004459-9331864">Practical
Programming in Tcl and Tk</A> by Brent Welch <B>- If you are going to be
working with Tkinter extensively, you definitely should get a copy of this
book. <I>Highly Recommended!</I></B></LI>
<LI><A
HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1884777813/qid=1031882022/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/103-5004459-9331864?v=glance&s=books">Python
and Tkinter Programming</A> by John Grayson</LI>
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