tt080.py

Python Tkinter 源码

"""<tt080.py

In the last several programs, we've spent a lot of time discussing
techniques for binding event handlers to widgets.

With this program, we return to the topic of creating the appearance of the GUI 
-- setting up the widgets and controlling their appearance and location.

THREE TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING THE LAYOUT OF A GUI

There are three techniques for controlling the general layout of a GUI.
  
  * widget attributes
  * pack() options
  * nesting of containers (frames)


In this program, we look at controlling appearance through setting of widget 
attributes and pack() options.

We're going to be working a lot with the buttons, and with the frame that 
contains them. In earlier versions of this program, we called the frame 
"myContainer1".  Here, we have renamed it something a bit more descriptive: 
"buttons_frame".

The numbers of the following section refer to the numbered comments in the 
source code.

(1) 
First, to make sure that all of our buttons are the same width, we specify a 
"width" attribute that is the same for all of them.  Note that the "width" 
attribute is specific to Tkinter's "Button" widget -- not all widgets have a 
width attribute.  Note also that the width attribute is specified in units of 
characters (not, for example, in units of pixels, inches, or millimeters).  
Since our longest label ("Cancel") contains six characters, we set the width for 
our buttons to "6".  (1)

(2) 
Now we add some padding to our buttons.  Padding is extra space that goes around 
the text, between the text and the edge of the button. We do this by setting the 
"padx" and "pady" attributes of the buttons.  "padx" pads along the X-axis, 
horizontally, to the left and right. "pady" pads along the Y-axis, vertically, 
to the top and bottom.

We will specify our horizontal padding as 3 millimeters (padx="3m") and our 
vertical padding as 1 millimeter (pady="1m").  Note that, unlike the "width" 
attribute (which was numeric), these attributes are enclosed in quotation marks.  
That is because we are specifying the units of padding with the "m" suffix, so 
we must specify the padding lengths as strings rather than as numbers.

(3)
Finally, we add some padding to the container (buttons_frame) that holds the 
buttons. For the container, we can specify four padding attributes.  "padx" and 
"pady" specify the padding that goes around (outside) the frame.  "ipadx" and 
"ipady" ("internal padx" and "internal pady") specify the internal padding.  
This is padding that goes around each of the widgets that are inside the 
container. 

Notice that we don't specify the padding for the frame as an attribute of the 
frame, but as options that we pass to the packer. (4). As you can see, the 
padding is a bit confusing.  Frames have internal padding, but widget such as 
buttons do not.  In some cases, the padding is an attribute of the widget, while 
in other cases it is specified as an option to pack().


PROGRAM BEHAVIOR

When you run this program, you will see two buttons. But now there they should 
both be the same size.  The sides of the buttons don't grip the button-text so 
closely.  And the buttons are surrounded by a nice border of space.

[revised: 2003-02-23
>"""
from Tkinter import *

class MyApp:
	def __init__(self, parent):
		
		#------ constants for controlling layout ------
		button_width = 6      ### (1)
		
		button_padx = "2m"    ### (2)
		button_pady = "1m"    ### (2)

		buttons_frame_padx =  "3m"   ### (3)
		buttons_frame_pady =  "2m"   ### (3)		
		buttons_frame_ipadx = "3m"   ### (3)
		buttons_frame_ipady = "1m"   ### (3)
		# -------------- end constants ----------------
		
		self.myParent = parent   
		self.buttons_frame = Frame(parent)
		
		self.buttons_frame.pack(    ### (4)
			ipadx=buttons_frame_ipadx,  ### (3)
			ipady=buttons_frame_ipady,  ### (3)
			padx=buttons_frame_padx,    ### (3)
			pady=buttons_frame_pady,    ### (3)
			)    
		
	
		self.button1 = Button(self.buttons_frame, command=self.button1Click)
		self.button1.configure(text="OK", background= "green")
		self.button1.focus_force()       
		self.button1.configure( 
			width=button_width,  ### (1)
			padx=button_padx,    ### (2) 
			pady=button_pady     ### (2)
			)

		self.button1.pack(side=LEFT)	
		self.button1.bind("<Return>", self.button1Click_a)  
		
		self.button2 = Button(self.buttons_frame, command=self.button2Click)
		self.button2.configure(text="Cancel", background="red")  
		self.button2.configure( 
			width=button_width,  ### (1)
			padx=button_padx,    ### (2) 
			pady=button_pady     ### (2)
			)
	
		self.button2.pack(side=RIGHT)
		self.button2.bind("<Return>", self.button2Click_a)   
		
	def button1Click(self):      
		if self.button1["background"] == "green":  
			self.button1["background"] = "yellow"
		else:
			self.button1["background"] = "green"
	
	def button2Click(self): 
		self.myParent.destroy()     
		
	def button1Click_a(self, event):  
		self.button1Click()
				
	def button2Click_a(self, event): 
		self.button2Click() 
  
	
			
root = Tk()
myapp = MyApp(root)
root.mainloop()