typeset.tex

用于公式编辑

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
在第\nbs\pageref{document}~页的图\nbs\ref{document}~中，能找到有关
上述命令的一个例子。

\iffalse Apart from the sectioning commands explained above,
\LaTeXe{} introduced three additional commands for use with the
\verb|book| class. They are useful for dividing your publication.
The commands alter chapter headings and page numbering to work as
you would expect it in a book: \fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
除了上面解释的分节命令，\LaTeXe{}~引进了其他三个命令用于~\verb|book|~风格
的文档。它们对划分出版物有用，也能如愿改变章的标题和页码：

\iffalse
\begin{description} \item[\ci{frontmatter}] should be the
very first command after
  \verb|\begin{document}|. It will switch page numbering to Roman
    numerals. It is common to use the starred sectioning commands (eg
    \verb|\chapter*{Preface}|) for
    frontmatter as this stopps \LaTeX{} from
    enumerating them.
\item[\ci{mainmatter}] comes after right befor the first chapter of
  the book. It turns on Arabic page numbering and restarts the page
  counter.
\item[\ci{appendix}] marks the start of additional material in your
  book. After this command chapters will be numbered with letters.
\item[\ci{backmatter}] should be inserted before the very last items
  in your book like the bibliography and the index. In the standard
  document classes, this has no visual effect.
\end{description}
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{description}
\item[\ci{frontmatter}] 应接着命令~\verb|\begin{document}|~使用。
     它把页码更换为罗马数字。对于正文前的内容普遍使用带星的命令
     （例如，\verb|\chapter*{Preface}|），以阻止~\LaTeX{}~对它们排序。
\item[\ci{mainmatter}] 应出现在书的第一章紧前面。它打开阿拉伯
     页码计数器，并对页码从新计数。
\item[\ci{appendix}] 标志书中附录材料的开始。该命令后的各章序号改用字母标记。
\item[\ci{backmatter}] 应该插入与书中最后一部分内容的紧前面，
     如参考文献和索引。在标准文档类型中，它对页面没有什么效果。
\end{description}





%\section{Cross References}
\section{交叉引用}

\iffalse
In books, reports and articles, there are often
\wi{cross-references} to figures, tables and special segments of
text. \LaTeX{} provides the following commands for cross
referencing
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{label}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}|, \ci{ref}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}|
and \ci{pageref}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent where \emph{marker} is an identifier chosen by the user. \LaTeX{}
replaces \verb|\ref| by the number of the section, subsection, figure,
table, or theorem after which the corresponding \verb|\label| command
was issued. \verb|\pageref| prints the page number of the
page where the \verb|\label| command occurred.\footnote{Note that these commands
  are not aware of what they refer to. \ci{label} just saves the last
  automatically generated number.} Just as the section titles, the
numbers from the previous run are used. \fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
在书籍、报告和论文中，需要对图、表和文本的特殊段落进行交叉引用。
\LaTeX{}~提供了如下交叉引用命令
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{label}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}|,
\ci{ref}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}| and
\ci{pageref}\verb|{|\emph{marker}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent
其中~\emph{marker}~是使用者选择的标识符。如果在节、子节、图、表或定理
后面输入~\verb|\label|~命令，\LaTeX{}~把~\verb|\ref|~替换为相应的序号。
\verb|\pageref|~命令排印~\verb|\label|~输入处的页码。\footnote{注意这些
命令对它们指向什么并没有意识。命令~\ci{label}~只是保存了上一次自动产生的序号。}
和章节标题一样，使用的序号是前面编译所产生。


\begin{example}
A reference to this subsection
\label{sec:this} looks like:
``see section~\ref{sec:this} on
page~\pageref{sec:this}.''
\end{example}

%\section{Footnotes}
\section{脚注}

\iffalse With the command
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{footnote}\verb|{|\emph{footnote text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent a footnote is printed at the foot of the current page.  Footnotes
should always be put\footnote{``put'' is one of the most common
  English words.} after the word or sentence they refer to. Footnotes
referring to a sentence or part of it should therefore be put after
the comma or period.\footnote{Note, that footnotes are
  distracting the reader from the main body of your document. After all
  everybody reads the footnotes, we are a curious species. So why not
  just integrate everything you want to say into the body of the
  document.\footnotemark}
\footnotetext{A guidepost doesn't necessarily go where it's
pointing to :-).}
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
利用命令
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{footnote}\verb|{|\emph{footnote text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent
把脚注内容排印于当前页的页脚位置。脚注命令总是置于（put）
\footnote{``put''~是最常使用的英语单词之一。}其指向的单词或句子
的后面。脚注是一个句子或句子的一部分，所以应用逗号或句号结尾。
\footnote{注意，脚注把读者的注意力从文档的正文引开。我们是好奇
的动物，每个人都会阅读脚注。所以为什么不把你想说的所有东西都
写入正文中。\footnotemark}
\footnotetext{ 路标不必走向它指向的地方~:-).}

\begin{example}
Footnotes\footnote{This is
  a footnote.} are often used
by people using \LaTeX.
\end{example}

%\section{Emphasized Words}
\section{强调}

\iffalse
If a text is typed using a typewriter, \texttt{important
words are
  emphasized by \underline{underlining} them.}
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{underline}\verb|{|\emph{text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
In printed books,
however, words are emphasized by typesetting them in an \emph{italic}
font.  \LaTeX{} provides the command
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{emph}\verb|{|\emph{text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent to emphasize text.  What the command actually does with
its argument depends on the context:
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
如果文本是用打字机键入的，
\texttt{用\underline{下划线}来强调重要的单词。}
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{underline}\verb|{|\emph{text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
但是在印刷的书中，用一种\emph{斜体}字体排印要强调的单词。
\LaTeX{}~提供命令
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{emph}\verb|{|\emph{text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent
来强调文本。这些命令对其参量的实际作用效果依赖于它的上下文：


\begin{example}
\emph{If you use
  emphasizing inside a piece
  of emphasized text, then
  \LaTeX{} uses the
  \emph{normal} font for
  emphasizing.}
\end{example}

%Please note the difference between telling \LaTeX{} to
%\emph{emphasize} something and telling it to use a different
%\emph{font}:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
请注意要求~\LaTeX{}~\emph{强调}什么和要求它使用不同\emph{字体}的不同效果:

\begin{example}
\textit{You can also
  \emph{emphasize} text if
  it is set in italics,}
\textsf{in a
  \emph{sans-serif} font,}
\texttt{or in
  \emph{typewriter} style.}
\end{example}

%\section{Environments} \label{env}
\section{环境} \label{env}


% To typeset special purpose text, \LaTeX{} defines many different
% \wi{environment}s for all sorts of formatting:
\iffalse
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{begin}\verb|{|\emph{environment}\verb|}|\quad
   \emph{text}\quad
\ci{end}\verb|{|\emph{environment}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent Where \emph{environment} is the name of the environment. Environments can be
called several times within each other as long as the calling order is
maintained.
\begin{code}
\verb|\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}|
\end{code}
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{begin}\verb|{|\emph{environment}\verb|}|\quad
   \emph{text}\quad
\ci{end}\verb|{|\emph{environment}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent
其中~\emph{environment}~是环境的名称。只要保持调用顺序，环境可以嵌套几次。
\begin{code}
\verb|\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}|
\end{code}


%\noindent In the following sections all important environments are explained.
\noindent 在下面的章节中，对所有重要的环境都做了解释。

\subsection{Itemize, Enumerate, and Description}

\iffalse The \ei{itemize} environment is suitable for simple
lists, the \ei{enumerate} environment for enumerated lists, and
the \ei{description} environment for descriptions. \cih{item} \fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ei{itemize}~环境用于简单的列表，\ei{enumerate}~环境用于带序号的列表，
\ei{description}~环境用于带描述的列表。 \cih{item}


\begin{example}
\flushleft
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can mix the list
environments to your taste:
\begin{itemize}
\item But it might start to
look silly.
\item[-] With a dash.
\end{itemize}
\item Therefore remember:
\begin{description}
\item[Stupid] things will not
become smart because they are
in a list.
\item[Smart] things, though, can be
presented beautifully in a list.
\end{description}
\end{enumerate}
\end{example}

\subsection{Flushleft, Flushright, and Center}

\iffalse
The environments \ei{flushleft} and \ei{flushright}
generate paragraphs which are either left- or \wi{right-aligned}.
\index{left
  aligned} The \ei{center} environment generates centred text. If you
do not issue \ci{\bs} to specify linebreaks, \LaTeX{} will
automatically determine linebreaks.
 \fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ei{flushleft}~和~\ei{flushright}~环境分别产生\wi{靠左排列}和\wi{靠右排列}\index{left
  aligned}的段落。\ei{center}~环境产生居中的文本。如果你不输入命令~\ci{\bs}~指定断行点，
  \LaTeX{}~将自行决定。

\begin{example}
\begin{flushleft}
This text is\\ left-aligned.
\LaTeX{} is not trying to make
each line the same length.
\end{flushleft}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{flushright}
This text is right-\\aligned.
\LaTeX{} is not trying to make
each line the same length.
\end{flushright}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
\begin{center}
At the centre\\of the earth
\end{center}
\end{example}

\subsection{Quote, Quotation, and Verse}

%The \ei{quote} environment is useful for quotes, important phrases
%and examples.
\ei{quote}~环境对重要断语和例子的引用很重要。

\begin{example}
A typographical rule of thumb
for the line length is:
\begin{quote}
On average, no line should
be longer than 66 characters.
\end{quote}
This is why \LaTeX{} pages have
such large borders by default and
also why multicolumn print is
used in newspapers.
\end{example}

\iffalse
There are two similar environments: the \ei{quotation}
and the \ei{verse} environments. The \texttt{quotation}
environment is useful for longer quotes going over several
paragraphs, because it does indent paragraphs. The \texttt{verse}
environment is useful for poems where the line breaks are
important. The lines are separated by issuing a \ci{\bs} at the
end of a line and a empty line after each verse.
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
有两个类似的环境：\ei{quotation}~和~\ei{verse}~环境。\texttt{quotation}~环境
用于超过几段的较长引用，因为它对段落进行缩进。\texttt{verse}~环境用于诗歌，在诗歌中
断行很重要。在一行的末尾用~\ci{\bs}~断行，在每一段后留一空行。