typeset.tex

用于公式编辑

类似~\pai{babel}~的国际语言支持宏包，那么断字可选点在由~\pai{babel}~
激活的语言中就处于活动状态。


\iffalse The example below will allow ``hyphenation'' to be
hyphenated as well as ``Hyphenation'', and it prevents
``FORTRAN'', ``Fortran'' and ``fortran'' from being hyphenated at
all.  No special characters or symbols are allowed in the
argument.
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
下面的例子允许对~``hyphenation''~和~``Hyphenation''~进行断字，
却根本不允许~``FORTRAN'', ``Fortran''~和~``fortran''~进行断字。
在参量中不允许出现特殊的字符和符号。


%Example:
例子：
\begin{code}
\verb|\hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion}|
\end{code}

\iffalse
The command \ci{-} inserts a discretionary hyphen into a
word. This also becomes the only point hyphenation is allowed in
this word. This command is especially useful for words containing
special characters (e.g.{} accented characters), because \LaTeX{}
does not automatically hyphenate words containing special
characters.
%\footnote{Unless you are using the new
%\wi{DC fonts}.}.
\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
命令~\ci{-}~在单词中插入一个自主的断字点。它也就成为这个单词中
允许出现的唯一断字点。对于包含特殊字符（注音字符）的单词，这个
命令是特别有用的，因为对于包含特殊字符的单词~\LaTeX{}~不自动断字。

\begin{example}
I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-%
i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-%
al\-i\-do\-cious
\end{example}

%Several words can be kept together on one line with the command
命令
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{mbox}\verb|{|\emph{text}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent 保证把几个单词排在同一行上。
%It causes its argument to be kept together under all circumstances.
在任何情况下，这个命令把它的参量排在一起（同一行上）。

\begin{example}
My phone number will change soon.
It will be \mbox{0116 291 2319}.

The parameter
\mbox{\emph{filename}} should
contain the name of the file.
\end{example}

\iffalse
\ci{fbox} is similar to mbox, but in addition there will
be a visible box drawn around the content.
\fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
命令~\ci{fbox}~和~\ci{mbox}~类似，此外它还能围绕内容画一个框。

%\section{Ready made Strings}
\section{学习字符串排版}

\iffalse In some of the examples on the previous pages you have
seen some very simple \LaTeX{} commands for typesetting special
text strings:\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
在前面的例子中，你已经看到用来排特殊字符串的非常简单的~\LaTeX{}~命令。


\vspace{2ex}

\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}lll@{}}
Command&Example&Description\\
\hline
\ci{today} & \today   &  Current date in the current language\\
\ci{TeX} & \TeX       & The name of your favorite typesetter\\
\ci{LaTeX} & \LaTeX   & The name of the Game\\
\ci{LaTeXe} & \LaTeXe & The current incarnation of \LaTeX\\
\end{tabular}

%\section{Special Characters and Symbols}
\section{特殊字符和符号}

%\subsection{Quotation Marks}
\subsection{引号}

\iffalse You should \emph{not} use the \verb|"| for \wi{quotation
marks} \index{""@\texttt{""}} as you would on a typewriter.  In
publishing there are special opening and closing quotation marks.
In \LaTeX{}, use two~\verb|`|s (grace accent) for opening
quotation marks and two~\verb|'|s (apostrophe) for closing
quotation marks. For single quotes you use just one of each. \fi
%%%%%%%%%%%
你~\emph{不}~要像在打字机上那样，把~\verb|"|~用作\wi{引号}\index{""@\texttt{""}}。
在印刷中有专门的左引号和右引号。在~\LaTeX{}~中，用两个~\verb|`|~产生左引号，
用两个~\verb|'|~产生右引号。一个~\verb|`|~和一个~\verb|'|~产生一个单引号。
\begin{example}
``Please press the `x' key.''
\end{example}

%\subsection{Dashes and Hyphens}
\subsection{破折号和连字号}

\iffalse \LaTeX{} knows four kinds of \wi{dash}es. You can access
three of them with different numbers of consecutive dashes. The
fourth sign is actually not a dash at all: It is the mathematical
minus sign: \index{-} \index{--} \index{---} \index{-@$-$}
\index{mathematical!minus} \fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\LaTeX{}~中右四种短划标点符号。连续用不同数目的短划，可以得到其中的三种。
第四个实际不是标点符号，它是数学中的减号：\index{-} \index{--}
\index{---} \index{-@$-$} \index{mathematical!minus}

\begin{example}
daughter-in-law, X-rated\\
pages 13--67\\
yes---or no? \\
$0$, $1$ and $-1$
\end{example}
%The names for these dashes are:
%`-' \wi{hyphen}, `--' \wi{en-dash}, `---' \wi{em-dash} and
%`$-$' \wi{minus sign}.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
这些短划线的名称是:
`-' \wi{连字号}，`--' \wi{短破折号}，`---' \wi{长破折号} 和~
`$-$' \wi{减号}。


%\subsection{Tilde ($\sim$)}
\subsection{波浪号($\sim$)}

\iffalse \index{www}\index{URL}\index{tilde} A character, often
seen with web addresses is the tilde. To generate this in \LaTeX{}
you can use \verb|\~| but the result: \~{} is not really what you
want. Try this instead:\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
波浪号\index{www}\index{URL}\index{tilde}经常和网址用在一起。它在
~\LaTeX{}~中，可用~\verb|\~|~产生，但其结果：\~{}却不是你真正想要的。
试一下这个：

\begin{example}
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush \\
http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo
\end{example}

%\subsection{Degree Symbol ($\circ$)}
\subsection{度的符号($\circ$)}


%How to print a \wi{degree symbol} in \LaTeX{}?
在\LaTeX{}中如何排\wi{度的符号}？

\begin{example}
Its $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$,
I will soon start to
super-conduct.
\end{example}

%\subsection{Ellipsis ( \ldots )}
\subsection{省略号 ( \ldots )}

\iffalse
On a typewriter a \wi{comma} or a \wi{period} takes the
same amount of space as any other letter. In book printing these
characters occupy only a little space and are set very close to
the preceding letter. Therefore you cannot enter `\wi{ellipsis}'
by just typing three dots, as the spacing would be wrong. Besides
that there is a special command for these dots. It is called \fi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%
在打字机上，\wi{逗号}或\wi{句号}占据的空间和其他字母相等。
在书籍印刷中，这些字符仅占据一点儿空间，并且与前一个字母
贴得非常紧。所以不能只键入三个点来输出`\wi{省略号}'，因为
间隔划分得不对。有一个专门的命令输出省略号。它称为

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{ldots}
\end{lscommand}
\index{...@\ldots}


\begin{example}
Not like this ... but like this:\\
New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots
\end{example}

%\subsection{Ligatures}
\subsection{连字}

\iffalse Some letter combinations are typeset not just by setting
the different letters one after the other, but by actually using
special symbols.\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
一些字母组合不是简单键入一个个字母得到得的，而实际上用到了一些特殊符号。
\begin{code}
效果应为{\large ff fi fl ffi\ldots}\quad 而不是%instead of
\quad {\large f{}f
f{}i f{}l f{}f{}i \ldots}
\end{code}
\iffalse These so-called \wi{ligature}s can be prohibited by
inserting an \ci{mbox}\verb|{}| between the two letters in
question. This might be necessary with words built from two
words.\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
这就是所谓的连字，在两个字母之间插入一个~\ci{mbox}\verb|{}|，可以禁止连字。
对于由两个词构成的单词，这可能是必要的。

\begin{example}
不是%Not
shelfful\\
而是%but
shelf\mbox{}ful
\end{example}

%\subsection{Accents and Special Characters}
\subsection{注音符号和特殊字符}

\iffalse
\LaTeX{} supports the use of \wi{accent}s and \wi{special
character}s from many languages. Table~\ref{accents} shows all
sorts of accents being applied to the letter o. Naturally other
letters work too.\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\LaTeX{}~支持来自许多语言中的\wi{注音符号}和\wi{特殊字符}。表\nbs\ref{accents}~
就字母~o~列出了所有的注音符号。对于其他字母也自然有效。

\iffalse To place an accent on top of an i or a j, its dots have
to be removed. This is accomplished by typing \verb|\i| and
\verb|\j|.\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
在字母~i~和~j~上标一个注音符号，它的点儿必须去掉。这个可由~\verb|\i|~和~\verb|\j|~做到。

\begin{example}
H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \'el\`eve,\\
sm\o rrebr\o d, !`Se\~norita!,\\
Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{}
Stra\ss e
\end{example}

\begin{table}[!hbp]
%\caption{Accents and Special Characters.}
\caption{注音符号和特殊字符.} \label{accents}
\begin{lined}{10cm}
\begin{tabular}{*4{cl}}
\A{\`o} & \A{\'o} & \A{\^o} & \A{\~o} \\
\A{\=o} & \A{\.o} & \A{\"o} & \B{\c}{c}\\[6pt]
\B{\u}{o} & \B{\v}{o} & \B{\H}{o} & \B{\c}{o} \\
\B{\d}{o} & \B{\b}{o} & \B{\t}{oo} \\[6pt]
\A{\oe}  &  \A{\OE} & \A{\ae} & \A{\AE} \\
\A{\aa} &  \A{\AA} \\[6pt]
\A{\o}  & \A{\O} & \A{\l} & \A{\L} \\
\A{\i}  & \A{\j} & !` & \verb|!`| & ?` & \verb|?`|
\end{tabular}
\index{dotless \i{} and \j}\index{Scandinavian letters}
\index{ae@\ae}\index{umlaut}\index{grave}\index{acute}
\index{oe@\oe}

\bigskip
\end{lined}
\end{table}

%\section{International Language Support}
\section{支持使用国际语言}

\iffalse
\index{international}  If you need to write documents in
\wi{language}s other than English, there are two areas where
\LaTeX{} has to be configured appropriately:\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%
\index{international}如果你需要用英语以外的\wi{语言}书写文件，\LaTeX{}~有两个地方必须
适当配置：


\begin{enumerate}
\item \iffalse All automatically generated text
strings\footnote{Table of
    Contents, List of Figures, \ldots} have to be adapted to the new
  language.  For many languages, these changes can be accomplished by
  using the \pai{babel} package by Johannes Braams.\fi %%%%%%%%%%
  所有自动生成的字符串\footnote{表目录, 图目录,
  \ldots}必须适用于新语言。对于许多种语言，这个任务可由~Johannes
  Braams~编的宏包~\pai{babel}~完成。

\item
\iffalse\LaTeX{} needs to know the hyphenation rules for the
new
  language. Getting hyphenation rules into \LaTeX{} is a bit more
  tricky. It means rebuilding the format file with different
  hyphenation patterns enabled. Your \guide{} should give more
  information on this.\fi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
对于一种新语言，\LaTeX{}~需要知道它的断字规则。将断字规则输入~\LaTeX{}~有些难度。
这是说为不同断字模式重建格式文件是行得通的。对此~\guide{}~给了更多的信息。
\end{enumerate}

\iffalse
If your system is already configured appropriately, you
can activate the \pai{babel} package by adding the command
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{language}\verb|]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent after the \verb|\documentclass| command. The
\emph{language}s your system supports should also be listed in the
Local Guide. Babel will automatically activate the apropriate
hyphenation rules for the language you choose. If your \LaTeX{}
format does not support hyphenation in the language of your
choice, babel will still work but it will disable hyphenation
which has quite a negative effect on the visual appearance of the
typeset document.\fi %%%%%%%%
如果你的系统已经配置好了，你可以通过在命令~\verb|\documentclass|~后添加命令
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{language}\verb|]{babel}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent
来激活宏包~\pai{babel}。系统支持的\emph{语言}也应列于~\guide{}~中。对于选定的语言，
宏包~\pai{babel}~将自动激活适当的断字规则。如果~\LaTeX{}~的格式文件不支持在所
选择的语言中断字，