things.tex

用于公式编辑

    到~\texttt{dvi}~文件。对于本表中提及的其它文件同样适用。}~和~\companion。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{exscale}] Provides scaled versions of the
%  math extension  font.\\
%  Described in \texttt{ltexscale.dtx}.
\item[\normalfont\pai{exscale}] 提供了可缩放版本的数学字体扩展。 \\
    详见~\texttt{ltexscale.dtx}。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{fontenc}] Specifies which \wi{font encoding}
%  \LaTeX{} should use.\\
%  Described in \texttt{ltoutenc.dtx}.
\item[normalfont\pai{fontenc}] 声明~\LaTeX{}~所使用的字体编码（\wi{font encoding}）。\\
   详见~\texttt{ltoutenc.dtx}。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{ifthen}] Provides commands of the form\\
%  `if\ldots then do\ldots otherwise do\ldots.'\\ Described in
%  \texttt{ifthen.dtx} and \companion.
\item[\normalfont\pai{ifthen}] 提供如下形式的命令：\\
  `if\ldots then do\ldots otherwise do\ldots.'\\
  详见~\texttt{ifthen.dtx}~和~\companion。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{latexsym}] To access the \LaTeX{} symbol
%  font, you should use the \texttt{latexsym} package. Described in
%  \texttt{latexsym.dtx} and in \companion.
\item[\normalfont\pai{latexsym}] 调入此宏包可在文档中使用~\LaTeX{}~符号。\\
  详见~\texttt{latexsym.dtx}~和~\companion。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{makeidx}] Provides commands for producing
%  indexes.  Described in section~\ref{sec:indexing} and in \companion.
\item[\normalfont\pai{makeidx}] 提供了生成索引的命令。详见第\nbs\ref{sec:indexing}~节
   和~\companion。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{syntonly}] Processes a document without
%  typesetting it.
\item[\normalfont\pai{syntonly}] 仅仅处理文档，但并不对其进行排版。

%\item[\normalfont\pai{inputenc}] Allows the specification of an
%  input encoding such as ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM
%  code pages,  Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows or user-defined one.
%  Described in \texttt{inputenc.dtx}.
\item[\normalfont\pai{inputenc}] 允许声明~ASCII、ISO Latin-1、ISO Latin-2、
   437/850 IBM~编码页、Apple Macintosh、Next、ANSI-Windows~或自定义的输入编码。
   详见~\texttt{inputenc.dtx}。
\end{description}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

%\section{Files you might encounter}
\section{各类~\LaTeX{}~文件}

%When you work with \LaTeX{} you will soon find yourself in a maze of
%files with various \wi{extension}s and probably no clue. Below there is a
%list telling about the various \wi{file types} you might encounter when
%working with \TeX{}. Please note that this table does not claim to be
%a complete list of extensions, but if you find one missing which you
%think is important, please drop a line.
当你使用~\LaTeX{}~的时候，你可能很快发现你被各种不同扩展名（\wi{extension}s）
的文件搞得昏头昏脑。请注意本表格中所列出的扩展名并不完全，如果你发现其中
由你认为比较重要的，最好在其下面划线标明。

\begin{description}
%\item[\wi{.tex}] \LaTeX{} or \TeX{} input file. Can be compiled with
%  \texttt{latex}.
%\item[\wi{.sty}] \LaTeX{} Macro package. This is a file you can load
%  into your \LaTeX{} document using the \ci{usepackage} command.
%\item[\wi{.dtx}] Documented \TeX{}. This is the main distribution
%  format for \LaTeX{} style files. If you process a .dtx file you get
%  documented macro code of the \LaTeX{} package contained in the .dtx
%  file.
%\item[\wi{.ins}] Is the installer for the files contained in the
%  matching .dtx file. If you download a \LaTeX{} package from the net,
%  you will normally get a .dtx and a .ins file. Run \LaTeX{} on the
%  .ins file to unpack the .dtx file.
%\item[\wi{.cls}] Class files define what your document looks
%  like. They are selected with the \ci{documentclass} command.
\item[\wi{.tex}] \LaTeX{}~或~\TeX{}~源文件。可以用~\texttt{latex}~处理。
\item[\wi{.sty}] \LaTeX{}~宏包文件。可使用命令~\ci{usepackage}~将其加载
   到你的~\LaTeX{}~文件中。
\item[\wi{.dtx}] 文档化~\TeX{}~文件。这也是~\LaTeX{}~宏包发布的主要格式。
   通过处理一个~.dtx~文件就可以得到该~\LaTeX{}~宏包中所包括的宏代码文档。
\item[\wi{.ins}] 为相应的~.dtx~文件的安装文件。如果你在网络上下载了一~\LaTeX{}~
   宏包，你通常会发现会有一个~.dtx~和一个~.ins~文件。使用~\LaTeX{}~对~.ins~文件
   进行处理，可以从~.dtx~文件中提取出宏包。
\end{description}

%The following files are generated when you run \LaTeX{} on your input
%file:
当你运行~\LaTeX{}~处理你的源文件时，会得到下列文件：

\begin{description}
%\item[\wi{.dvi}] Device Independent file. This is the main result of a \LaTeX{}
%  compile run. You can look at its content with a DVI previewer
%  program or you can send it to a printer with \texttt{dvips} or a
%  similar application.
%\item[\wi{.log}] Gives a detailed account of what happened during the
%  last compiler run.
%\item[\wi{.toc}] Stores all your section headers. It gets read in for the
%  next compiler run and is used to produce the table of content.
%\item[\wi{.lof}] This is like .toc but for the list of figures.
%\item[\wi{.lot}] And again the same for the list of tables.
%\item[\wi{.aux}] Another file which transports information from one
%  compiler run to the next. Among other things, the .aux file is used
%  to store information associated with crossreferences.
%\item[\wi{.idx}] If your document contains an index. \LaTeX{} stores all
%  the words which go into the index in this file. Process this file with
%  \texttt{makeindex}. Refer to section \ref{sec:indexing} on
%  page \pageref{sec:indexing} for more information on indexing.
%\item[\wi{.ind}] Is the processed .idx file, ready for inclusion into your
%  document on the next compile cycle.
%\item[\wi{.ilg}] Logfile telling about what \texttt{makeindex} did.
\item[\wi{.dvi}] 与设备无关文件。这是~\LaTeX{}~编译运行的主要结果。你可以
   使用~DVI~预览器浏览其内容，或者使用像~\texttt{dvips}~这样的应用程序输出到
   打印机。
\item[\wi{.log}] 记录了上次编译运行时的详细信息。
\item[\wi{.toc}] 存储了所有章节标题。该文件将在下次编译运行时被读入并生成
   目录。
\item[\wi{.lof}] 类似~.toc~文件，可生成图形目录。
\item[\wi{.lot}] 类似~.toc~文件，可生成表格目录。
\item[\wi{.aux}] 另一个用来向下次编译运行传递信息的辅助文件。除了其它信息外，
  .aux~文件通常包含交叉引用信息。
\item[\wi{.idx}] 如果你的文件中包含有索引，\LaTeX{}~使用此文件存储所有的
   索引词条。此文件需要使用~\texttt{makeindex}~处理。详见
   第\nbs\ref{sec:indexing}~节。
\item[\wi{.ind}] 经过处理后的~.idx~文件。可在下次编译运行时加入到你的文档中。
\item[\wi{.ilg}] 运行~\texttt{makeindex}~时生成的记录文件。
\end{description}

% Package Info pointer
%
%

%\subsection{Page Styles}
\subsection{页面式样}

%\LaTeX{} supports three predefined \wi{header}/\wi{footer}
%combinations---so-called \wi{page style}s. The \emph{style} parameter
%of the \index{page style!plain@\texttt{plain}}\index{plain@\texttt{plain}}
%\index{page style!headings@\texttt{headings}}\index{headings@texttt{headings}}
%\index{page style!empty@\texttt{empty}}\index{empty@\texttt{empty}}
\LaTeX{}~支持三种预定的页眉、页脚（\wi{header}/\wi{footer}）格式，
称为页面式样（\wi{page style}s）。命令
\index{page style!plain@\texttt{plain}}\index{plain@\texttt{plain}}
\index{page style!headings@\texttt{headings}}\index{headings@texttt{headings}}
\index{page style!empty@\texttt{empty}}\index{empty@\texttt{empty}}
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{pagestyle}\verb|{|\emph{style}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
%\noindent command defines which one to use.
%Table~\ref{pagestyle}
%lists the predefined page styles.
\noindent 中的参数定义了所使用页面式样。表\nbs\ref{pagestyle}~列出了预先定义的页面式样。

\begin{table}[!hbp]
\caption{The Predefined Page Styles of \LaTeX.} \label{pagestyle}
%\caption{\LaTeX{}~预定义的页面式样} \label{pagestyle}
\begin{lined}{12cm}
\begin{description}

%\item[\normalfont\texttt{plain}] prints the page numbers on the bottom
%  of the page, in the middle of the footer. This is the default page
%  style.
\item[\normalfont\texttt{plain}] 页眉为空，页脚由居中的的页码组成。
  这是默认的页面式样。

%\item[\normalfont\texttt{headings}] prints the current chapter heading
%  and the page number in the header on each page, while the footer
%  remains empty.  (This is the style used in this document)
\item[\normalfont\texttt{headings}] 页眉由当前的章节标题和页码组成，
  页脚为空。（这是本文档所使用的页面式样）

%\item[\normalfont\texttt{empty}] sets both the header and the footer
%  to be empty.
\item[\normalfont\texttt{empty}] 设置页眉、页脚均为空。
\end{description}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

%It is possible to change the page style of the current page
%with the command
可以使用下面的命令改变当前页的页面式样：
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{thispagestyle}\verb|{|\emph{style}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
%A description how to create your own
%headers and footers can be found in \companion{} and in section~\ref{sec:fancy} on page~\pageref{sec:fancy}.
有关如何创建你自己的页眉和页脚的详细说明可参见~\companion{}~和第\nbs\ref{sec:fancy}~节。
%
% Pointer to the Fancy headings Package description !
%


%
% Add Info on page-numbering, ...
% \pagenumbering

%\section{Big Projects}
\section{大型文档}

%When working on big documents, you might want to split the input file
%into several parts. \LaTeX{} has two commands which help you to do
%that.
当处理大型文档时，最好将源文件分成几个部分。\LaTeX{}~有两条命令来
处理这种情况。

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{include}\verb|{|\emph{filename}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
%\noindent you can use this command in the document body to insert the
%contents of another file named \emph{filename.tex}. Note that \LaTeX{}
%will start a new page
%before processing the material input from \emph{filename.tex}.
\noindent 在文档的正文中使用此命令可将文件名为~\emph{filename.tex}~
  的内容包括进来。注意~\LaTeX{}~在开始处理~\emph{filename.tex}~的
  内容之前将会开始一新页。

%The second command can be used in the preamble. It allows you to
%instruct \LaTeX{} to only input some of the \verb|\include|d files.
第二个命令可用在文档的导言区，它允许你指导~\LaTeX{}~仅仅读入
某些~\verb|\include|d~文件。
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{includeonly}\verb|{|\emph{filename}\verb|,|\emph{filename}%
\verb|,|\ldots\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
%After this command is executed in the preamble of the document, only
%\ci{include} commands for the filenames which are listed in the
%argument of the \ci{includeonly} command will be executed. Note that
%there must be no spaces between the filenames and the commas.
这条命令在导言区被~\LaTeX{}~读入执行后，在所有的~\ci{include}~命令中，
只有~\ci{includeonly}~命令参数中列出的文件才会被执行。注意在参数中，
文件名和逗号之间不能有空格。

%The \ci{include} command starts typesetting the included text on a new
%page. This is helpful when you use \ci{includeonly}, because the
%pagebreaks will not move, even when some included files are omitted.
%Sometimes this might not be desirable. In this case, you can use the
\ci{include}~命令在新页上排版包括进来的文本，这对于使用~\ci{includeonly}~命令
很有帮助。应为即使一些包括的文件被忽略，分页处也不会变更。如果不想
在新页排版包括进来的文本，可使用下面的命令：
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{input}\verb|{|\emph{filename}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
%\noindent command. It simply includes the file specified.
%No flashy suits, no strings attached.
\noindent 该命令只是简单地将指定的文件包括进来，并没有其它限制。

%To make \LaTeX{} quickly check your document you can use the \pai{syntonly}
%package. This makes \LaTeX{} skim through your document only checking for
%proper syntax and usage of the commands, but doesn't produce any (DVI) output.
%As \LaTeX{} runs faster in this mode you may save yourself valuable time.
%Usage is very simple:
使用~\pai{syntonly}~宏包可以让~\LaTeX{}~快速的检查你的文档：\LaTeX{}~浏览你的
文档，仅仅检查语法和所使用的命令是否正确，不会产生~DVI~输出。在这种模式下，
\LaTeX{}~运行的非常快，可以节省可观的时间。使用方法非常简单：

\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage{syntonly}
\syntaxonly
\end{verbatim}

%When you want to produce pages, just comment out the second line
%(by adding a percent sign).


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