📄 esd问答3.htm
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</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>为了减小第二个问题，让操作人员穿上棉布衣服而不是人造纤维，尼龙，丝绸，毛料等等。为了减小人体的摩擦充电，干净房屋涂层。穿上静电放电工作服有很多好处，可在不同物质之间起隔离作用，一些防静电材料可引起电荷。也可试试采用由不同的物质构成的地板涂层，因为形成当前室内的涂层材料在摩擦起电序列表中处于较高水平（向下或向下）。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>总之，正确的人体接地（带有防静电腕和脚部接地条的静电放电地板）能有效地消除这一问题。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
48</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：静电放电安全工作站的公认标准是咋样的？也就是说，工作站的所有物体的电压都低于</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>100V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>或其他的电势？这个要求具体在什么标准里阐述呢？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：静电放电安全工作站安全依据产品发挥作用的灵敏度。对一些用户而言，这可能是</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>200V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>，而对另一些用户则可能是</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>20V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>！可参考元件生产商相关数据。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
49</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：我们正在研制一样机，其内有大型的视频监视器。它的玻璃视窗表面产生静电场，偶而引起小火花，且很快跳到金属部件近旁，同时也会在与金属部件接触的人体上出现火花。有没有解决此问题的简单办法，比如接地等等？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：玻璃视窗表面被充电到很高的电位，其原因很可能是内表面上的高能电子碰撞。这个高电势将产生很高的电场，使泄电发生移动。接地将是很有益处的，将玻璃视窗外表面用一导电的材料罩住，并同时将其接地，这样可减小积累的净电荷到一个极低的水平。可试用静电放电系统的</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:
Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>，对玻璃外表面有静电损耗性，而且应将其表面接地（可将编织导剥去</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>1/4</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>英寸，并将这一端与玻璃的一边或一角相连）。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
50</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：如何处理一次性静电放电接地条？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：一次性防静电腕接地线使用说明如下：</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><br>
1. </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>在处理静电敏感部件前应戴好防静电腕。</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
2. </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>打开接地条起始的</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>12</span><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:
Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>英寸，剥掉保护层到合适的长度，使之能与手腕很好配合。同时将外露部分牢固地</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>粘贴到手腕周围。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
3. </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>将接地条完全解开，从末端剥掉</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>4</span><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:
Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>英寸保护层，将外露粘胶面与电气地相连。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
51</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：我们设计并生产开关电源，其内部电路有</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>EPOM</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>，该产品由一块主要</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PCB</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>（双面板）构成，底面为焊接面，用</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>1</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>毫米厚的铝壳罩住（只是部分屏蔽，有通风槽等），背面全敞开着。我想问的是，哪种静电放电袋兼有包装作用？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：精确的详细说明取决于你尽力保护的敏感设备以及业已运行的程序。你也可调出一级，参考</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>MIL-STD-1686</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>标准，当静电放电电压大于</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>0</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>—</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>1999V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>，对其造成的损坏极为敏感的元件被归类为有静电放电敏感性的元件。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>对于一级设备，应该使用静电放电系统制成的静电放电袋，要严格遵守</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>MIL-B-81705C</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>中的电子及机械性能要求，这也有抗静电的内部特征。除了它的一些包装保护作用外，静电放电袋可用作静电放电保护，这样开关电源就可以正常地使用了。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
52</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：我公司的部分业务是制造金融和保健方面的空白塑料卡片。这些卡片通过加热和挤压制成薄片，每次</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>10</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>片。每片形成过程如下：一张</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PVC</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>芯材（通常厚度为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>0.66</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>毫米）放在两个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PVC</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>覆盖板之间。然后再放到两片不锈钢传输板之间。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>10</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>张</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PVC</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>板和传输板夹层置于两层</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>6.35</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>毫米厚的橡胶板之间，然后再把两块标准钢板放在外面。其中一张卡片则放在层压机的滚筒上，另外九张卡片一起加热半个小时左右。可是在分开每张卡片的时候却遇到了静电困扰。不锈钢传输板不停地震动，我在距卡片一英尺远处遭到静电放电电弧的电击。在厂房里铺上防静电垫子，并且操作工人戴上防静电手套后，传输板仍有一些震动。实际上，他们一触摸到新不锈钢板时，遭到的电击都很弱。每张卡片可能要使工人电击九次。我认为静电是在进行层压期间，由于加热和压力，使</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PVC</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>板之间发生相互摩擦而产生的。一部分静电荷从塑料卡片转移到钢板上，这样就把静电荷传导给操作工人了。我不知道能否通过不锈钢传输板很快地将静电荷从塑料卡片的表面清除掉。我推测卡片上的静电荷是负极性的，那么，我能不能通过产生一些中间电荷给不锈钢传输板，将负电荷从卡片的表面引出来，再进行清除或减小它呢？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：你所提出的问题似乎由于热电化学的加热和压缩过程中的电荷积累或分开卡片时产生的摩擦电。你所说的（卡片）看起来象一个大电容，当你生产多层交替导电且绝缘（或很高的电阻）的物质，实质上，多层交替导电物质已经形成电容。因此，你在一英尺远的地方遭了到静电放电的“电弧”，卡片之间的电场一定是很大的，一般可达</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>300000V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>，在大气压为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>760</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>毫米汞柱，气温</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>25</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>度时很可能达到</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>600000V</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>。最好将所有钢板在同一点接地，操作工人也在同一点上接地。这样将减小操作工人与钢板间的巨大的电势差。但仍需进一步测量电场，在分开卡片过程中，用电场计测量，看产生的静电荷是否具有接地作用。如确实是这样，就需要对卡片进一步使用压缩空气离子以中和</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PVC</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>芯材上的电荷。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
<br>
53</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>、问：我使用产生负离子的空气清新剂。每当我一摸到其前部（金属部分），它就会喷出少许的清新剂。请问如何解决这一问题？</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>答：你所使用的空气清新剂采用高压电晕放电以发射清新剂离子。金属部分也许是发射器或是偏心板。如果此板不接地，你将受到“电击”或有电流从身体流过。高电压发射引线也会使你遭到电击。建议采取以下办法来解决这一问题：</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:14.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>不要接触金属部件检查电路，确信金属部件已和电源地接到一起</span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:14.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
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