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<body lang=ZH-CN link=blue vlink=blue style='tab-interval:21.0pt;text-justify-trim:
punctuation'>

<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p align=center style='text-align:center'><strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
letter-spacing:4.0pt'>基本概念答疑</span></strong><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>问： 什么是</span></strong><strong><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>EMI</span></strong><strong><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>？与</span></strong><strong><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>EMS</span></strong><strong><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>及</span></strong><strong><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>EMC</span></strong><strong><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>有何区别？</span></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><b><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>答： </span></b><span style='letter-spacing:
4.0pt'>在电气干扰领域有许多英文缩写。这里所提</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Arial;
letter-spacing:4.0pt'>EMI(Electro Magnetic Interference)</span><span
style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>直译是电磁干扰。这是合成词，我们应该分别考虑“电磁”和“干扰”。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　所谓“干扰”，指设备受到<b>干扰</b>后性能降低以及对设备产生干扰的<b>干扰</b>源这二层意思。第一层意思如雷电使收音机产生杂音，摩托车在附近行驶后电视画面出现雪花，拿起电话后听到无线电声音等，这些可以简称其为与“</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>BC&nbsp; I</span><span
style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>”“</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Arial;
letter-spacing:4.0pt'>TV &nbsp; I</span><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>”“</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>Tel&nbsp; I</span><span
style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>”，这些缩写中都有相同的“<span lang=EN-US>I”（干扰）（BC：广播）</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　那么<span lang=EN-US>EMI标准和EMI检测是EMI的哪部分呢？理所当然是第二层含义，即干扰源，也包括受到干扰之前的电磁能量。</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　其次是“电磁”。电荷如果静止，称为静电。当不同的电位向一致移动时，便发生了静电放电，产生电流，电流周围产生磁场。如果电流的方向和大小持续不断变化就产生了电磁波。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　电以各种状态存在，我们把这些所有状态统称为电磁。所以<span
lang=EN-US>EMI标准和EMI检测是确定所处理的电的状态，决定如何检测，如何评价。</span></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>与<span
lang=EN-US>EMS和EMC的区别在哪里？</span></span></strong><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　<span lang=EN-US>EMS（Electro Magnetic
Susceptibility）直译是“电磁敏感度”。其意是指由于电磁能量造成性能下降的容易程度。为通俗易懂，我们将电子设备比喻为人，将电磁能量比做感冒病毒，敏感度就是是否易患感冒。如果不易患感冒，说明免疫力强，也就是英语单词Immunity，即抗电磁干扰性强。</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　<span lang=EN-US>EMC（Electro Magnetic
Compatibility）直译是“电磁兼容性”。意指设备所产生的电磁能量既不对其它设备产生干扰，也不受其他设备的电磁能量干扰的能力。</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　<span lang=EN-US>EMC这个术语有其非常广的含义。如同盲人摸象，你摸到的与实际还有很大区别。特别是与设计意图相反的电磁现象，都应看成是EMC问题。</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>　　电磁能量的检测、抗电磁干扰性试验、检测结果的统计处理、电磁能量辐射抑制技术、雷电和地磁等自然电磁现象、电场磁场对人体的影响、电场强度的国际标准、电磁能量的传输途径、相关标准及限制等均包含在<span
lang=EN-US>EMC之内。</span></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p>　<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><strong><span style='font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:4.0pt'>问：最近出现很多带有干扰这个名词的东西，请问什么是干扰？</span></strong><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><b><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>答：</span></b><span style='letter-spacing:
4.0pt'>最近“干扰”的概念使用越来越广泛，与必须存在的东西相对应，一切不希望有的东西都可称做“干扰”。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style='letter-spacing:4.0pt'>具体到“电磁干扰”，可以按照下面所列七类进行划分：</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:
list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:15.0pt'>1.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:4.0pt'>按照发生源划分</span><span
style='font-size:15.0pt'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:
list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:15.0pt'>2.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:4.0pt'>按照传播路径划分</span><span
style='font-size:15.0pt'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:
list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:15.0pt'>3.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:4.0pt'>按照辐射干扰的产生原因划分</span><span
style='font-size:15.0pt'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:
list 36.0pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:15.0pt'>4.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:4.0pt'>按照不同设备的工作原理划分</span><span
style='font-size:15.0pt'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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