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<title>ActiveX Programming with Visual C++ -- Chapter 1</TITLE>
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<H1>Chapter 1<BR>
What Is ActiveX?</H1>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading1">What Is ActiveX?</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading2">An Internet Strategy for Applications Development</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading3">ActiveX, OLE, and the Internet</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading4">Classifying ActiveX Components</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading5">Automation Servers</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading6">Automation Controllers</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading7">Controls</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading8">COM Objects</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading9">Documents</A>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading10">Containers</A>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#Heading11">From Here...</A>
</UL>
</UL>
<P>
<HR SIZE="4">
<H1><A NAME="Heading1"></A>What Is ActiveX?</H1>
<UL>
<LI><B>An Internet strategy</B>
<SPACER TYPE="VERTICAL" SIZE="2">
ActiveX started out as an Internet strategy. It now covers all aspects of OLE/COM/Internet
development.
<P>
<LI><B>ActiveX development covers many topics</B>
<SPACER TYPE="VERTICAL" SIZE="2">
ActiveX development is very broad in scope, covering Automation Servers, Controls,
and COM Objects, to name a few.
</UL>
<P>The term ActiveX has become the battle cry of many developers and development
organizations over the past year. On the opposite side of the coin, sales and marketing
organizations have also rallied around this same nebulous term. Few people, however,
can truly explain what the term means. This book is dedicated to explaining what
ActiveX is and what it means to developers. We hope that you learn as much from reading
this book as we did from writing it.
<H2><A NAME="Heading2"></A>An Internet Strategy for Applications Development</H2>
<P>Microsoft first coined the term <I>ActiveX</I> at the Internet Professional Developers
Conference (Internet PDC) in March 1996. ActiveX referred to the conference slogan
"Activate the Internet" and was more a call-to-arms than a technology or
architecture for developing applications.</P>
<P>At the time of the Internet PDC, Microsoft was going head-to-head with Netscape
over control of the Internet Web browser market. The PDC demonstrated, though, that
Microsoft was interested in much more than just the browser market. Microsoft demonstrated
tools ranging from electronic store fronts to new OLE Controls to virtual reality
chat software, and beyond.</P>
<P>ActiveX is the new corporate slogan of Microsoft--similar to the term OLE in the
early 1990s--and in a very short time, has come to mean much more than "Activate
the Internet."</P>
<P>ActiveX has become the all-encompassing term used to define everything from Web
pages to OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) Controls. It has come to signify, on
one hand, small, fast, reusable components that can get you hooked into all the latest
technologies coming out of Microsoft, the Internet, and the industry. On the other
hand, ActiveX represents Internet and applications integration strategies. These
days, products and companies that don't have ActiveX and Internet somewhere in their
nomenclature are considered, both internally and externally, as being behind the
times. The reality is that trying to describe ActiveX is similar to trying to describe
the color red. ActiveX is not a technology or even an architecture--it is a concept
and a direction.
<H2><A NAME="Heading3"></A>ActiveX, OLE, and the Internet</H2>
<P>ActiveX and OLE have become synonymous. What people once referred to as OLE Controls
(OCXs) are now refered to as ActiveX Controls. OLE DocObjects are now ActiveX Documents.
In some cases, entire documents on how to implement OLE technologies have been updated
to be ActiveX technologies, and the only thing changed was the term OLE, which now
reads as ActiveX.</P>
<P>Although tremendous advances have been made and seemingly new technologies appear
daily with regard to OLE and ActiveX, it is questionable whether the Internet was
or is directly involved in many of these areas. The need for small, fast, reusable
components (COM Objects) has been around for years. Distributed components (DCOM
Objects) were first demonstrated several years ago at the OLE 2.0 PDC. The Visual
Basic (VB) group played a major role in the enabling of ActiveX in its early days.
The BaseCtl framework, which is included in the ActiveX SDK, was developed by the
VB group to answer its need for small, lightweight Controls to improve VB application's
load times. The only contribution the Internet had was in its need for a way to implement
and publish Web pages. Practically every new feature labeled ActiveX can trace its
roots back to a fundamental, global need for small, fast, reusable components, all
of which started with OLE and COM.</P>
<P>ActiveX was not meant to replace OLE, but simply to broaden it to include the
Internet, intranet commercial and in-house applications development, and the tools
used to develop them.</P>
<P>Microsoft has published a number of documents regarding ActiveX development. The
OC 96 specification defines how Controls should be developed to provide faster startup
times and better drawing capabilities. It also describes which interfaces are required
and which are optional. The "OLE Control and Control Container Guidelines"
provide important information for Control and Container interaction. The Microsoft
Web site has become a cornucopia of information for creating, using, and deploying
ActiveX components.</P>
<P>In addition to the specific technologies for creating ActiveX components, Microsoft
has set a standard for the use and integration of ActiveX components. Every product
from VB to Microsoft Word to Java is inherently capable of using ActiveX components.
Four years ago, it was almost impossible to find more than a handful of applications
that were capable of integrating in such a relatively seamless fashion as is possible
today.</P>
<P>The next section looks at the specific types of ActiveX components that can be
created and-- to be even more helpful--how and when they should be used.
<H2><A NAME="Heading4"></A>Classifying ActiveX Components</H2>
<P>This book addresses the topic of ActiveX Component development. These components
can be classified and broken into the following categories:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Automation Servers <BR>
Automation Controllers <BR>
Controls <BR>
COM Objects <BR>
Documents<BR>
Containers
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>This book covers in detail only the development of ActiveX Automation Servers,
Controls, and COM Objects. Automation Controllers, ActiveX Documents, and Containers
entail too many interfaces and too much technology to be addressed in a book of this
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