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<title>操作系统－第七章</title>
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<td width="100%" align="center" height="53" colspan="2"><font size="5" face="黑体" color="#FFFFFF"><font LANG="ZH-CN">第七章</font>
设备管理
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="#ch71">7．1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>I/O系统组成</a><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="#ch72">7．2<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>I/O控制方式</a></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="#ch73">7．3<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>缓冲管理</a></font></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="#ch74">7．4
设备分配</a><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><a href="#ch75">7．5<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>设备处理</a><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><o:p>
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<td width="18%" align="center" height="39"><font LANG="ZH-CN" color="#FFFFFF">作业：</font></td>
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<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch71"></a>7．1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>I/O系统组成<o:p>
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<p><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"><font color="#FFFFFF">（学生自行阅读）</font></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF">7．1．1
I/O系统的结构<o:p>
</o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一、</span>微型机<span lang="EN-US">I/O系统</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">——</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">总线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">I/O</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统结构</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">二、<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal">
</span></span>主机<span lang="EN-US">I/O系统</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">——</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">I/O</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"> <o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF">7．1．2
I/O设备<o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF">一、<span lang="EN-US">I/O设备的类型<o:p>
</o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 15.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15.75pt; tab-stops: list 15.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo29"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">1．</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">按传输速率分</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">低速设备——几个～数百个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
B/S<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">中速设备——数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">K</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">～数十</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">KB/S<o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">高速设备——数百</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">K</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">～数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">MB/S<o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 15.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15.75pt; tab-stops: list 15.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo29"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">按信息交换的单位分类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">块设备——用于存储信息，信息的存取以数据块为单位。特征：传输速率较高；可寻址；采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">DMA</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">字符设备——用于数据的输入和输出，基本单位是字符。特征：传输速率较低；不可寻址；采用中断驱动方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 15.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15.75pt; tab-stops: list 15.75pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo29"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">按设备的共享属性分类</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">独占设备——一段时间内只允许一个用户（进程）访问的设备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">共享设备——一段时间内允许多个进程同时访问的设备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">虚拟设备——通过虚拟技术将一台独占设备变换为若干台逻辑设备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"> <o:p>
</o:p>
</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo37"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">二、</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">设备与控制器之间的接口</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">数据信号；控制信号；状态信号</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"> <o:p>
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