ch11.htm

汤子瀛《操作系统》电子教案

      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">性质——适于传输模拟信号；通信前必须先建立连接；连接建立后，信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">息的传输几乎没有延迟</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">报文交换网：基于存储</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转发方式进行报文交换</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">性质——适用于传输数字信息；通信连接的建立通常不存在时延；报文</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">传输有明显的时延</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">分组交换网：基于存储</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转发方式进行报文交换，将不定长报文分解成定长的分组</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">优点——简化了对缓冲区的管理；加速了对信息的传输；减少了传输出</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">错率及重发信息量</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">4．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">局域网</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">局域网的引入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">公用总线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">LAN</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">：采用某种介质访问控制规程，来控制信道的使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">CSMA/CD</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">总线（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Carrier 
      Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">802.3<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">优点：可显著的减少介质访问冲突；总线上各站自主平等；轻负荷时很有效；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">简单易行，可用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">VLSI</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">来实现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">令牌传送总线式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">LAN</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">：采用令牌传递访问控制规程的总线式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">LAN<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Token 
      Bus</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">802.4<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">优点：不会产生介质访问冲突；对介质访问的延迟是确定的；可提供优先级服务；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 45pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">重负荷时吞吐量高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">环形</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">LAN</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Token 
      Ring</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">802.5<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 36pt">　</td>
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    </center>
    <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch112"></a>11．2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
    </span>开放式系统互连参考模型<o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（学生自己阅读，然后简略介绍）</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">网络的基本概念</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">层次结构：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">网络协议：三要素——语义、语法、规则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">网络体系结构：计算机网络的个层次及其协议的集合</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">对等实体间的通信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通信过程：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">数据单元：协议数据单元（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">PDU</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Protocol 
    Data Unit</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">服务存取点和连接</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">服务存取点：（服务访问点，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">SAP</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Server 
    Access Point</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">连接：</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">4．OSI七层模型<o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">物理层；数据链路层；网络层；传输层；会晤层（会话层）；表示层；应用层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
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      <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch113"></a>11．3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
      </span>客户/服务器模式和对等模式<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">信息处理系统的模式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">集中模式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">客户</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">服务器模式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对等模式：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>