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<title>操作系统－第十一章</title>
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<td width="100%" align="center" height="53" colspan="2"><font size="5" face="黑体" color="#FFFFFF"><font LANG="ZH-CN">第十一章</font>
</font><font size="5" face="黑体" color="#FFFFFF">操作系统引论</font></td>
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<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch111">11．1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>计算机网络概述</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch112">11．2<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>开放式系统互连参考模型</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch113">11．3<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>客户/服务器模式和对等模式</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch114">11．4<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>网络操作系统的构成</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch115">11．5<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>文件和打印服务</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a href="#ch116">11．6<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
</span>电子邮件服务</a><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"> </td>
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<td width="18%" align="center" height="39"><font LANG="ZH-CN" color="#FFFFFF">作业：</font></td>
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<p align="left"><font LANG="ZH-CN" color="#FFFFFF"> </font></td>
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<td width="114%" align="center" height="39" colspan="2"><a href="index.htm"><font color="#FFFFFF">返回<<</font></a></td>
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<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch111"></a>11．1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>计算机网络概述<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">计算机网络：通过数据通信系统把地理上分散的自主计算机系统连接起来，以达到数据通信和资源共享目的的一种计算机系统。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">自主计算机：具有独立处理能力的计算机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（学生自己阅读，然后简略介绍）</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">计算机网络的组成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通信子网：用于实现数据通信——分组交换器（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">PSE</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、多路转换器、分组组装</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">/</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">拆卸设</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">备（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">PAD</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、网络控制中心、网关</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">G<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">资源子网：用于进行数据处理——主机（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">HOST</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、终端设备（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">T</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、网络操作系统、网</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">络数据库系统</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">计算机网络的拓扑结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">(1)星形网络</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
拓扑结构：每一个远程结点都通过一条单独的通信线路，直接与中心结</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">点连接</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
特点：功能高度集中；响应时间与终端数有关；单信息流通路径；线路</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">利用率低；可扩充性差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">(2)树形网络——多级星形网络</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">(3)总线形网络</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
拓扑结构：由一条高速总线连接若干个结点所形成的网络</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">特点：信道利用率高；地理覆盖范围小；传输速率高；网络建设容易</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">(4)环形网络</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
拓扑结构：每台入网的计算机连接到一个转发器上，再将所有的转发器</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通过高速点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">点信道，连接成环形。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">特点：传输时延的确定性；可靠性差；灵活性差；网络结构简单</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">(5)网形网络</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">
拓扑结构：网状连接</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">特点：两机网络形式；网络可靠性高；可扩充性好；灵活性好</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">交换网</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">交换方式的引入：为了解决在众多结点之间的通信问题而引入。在两个或多个结点之</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">间建立暂时通信线路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">线路交换网：基于线路连接方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
</o:p>
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
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