ch10.htm

汤子瀛《操作系统》电子教案

      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">命令解释程序的组成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">命令解释程序的工作流程</span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></td>
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    <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch102"></a>10．2 
    程序接口<o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统调用的基本概念：</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（1）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">运行在不同的系统状态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（2）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通过软中断进入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（3）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">返回问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（4）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">嵌套调用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统调用的类型：</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（1）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">进程控制——创建新进程（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">fork</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、结束进程（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">exit</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、等待子进程结束（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wait</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、执行</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">一个文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">exec</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（2）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">文件操纵——创建文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">creat</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、打开文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">open</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、关闭文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">close</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、读文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">read</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">写文件（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">write</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（3）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">进程通信——获得消息队列（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">msgget</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、发送消息（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">msgsend</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、接受消息（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">msgrcv</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（4）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">信息维护——设置时间（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">stime</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、获得时间（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">time</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、获得进程和子进程时间（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">times</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">设置文件访问和修改时间（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Utime</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）、获得当前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">UNIX</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统的名称（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Uname</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统调用的实现：</span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（1）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">设置系统调用号和参数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（2）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">系统调用命令的一般性处理</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
    <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 26.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -26.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 26.25pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（3）</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">命令处理程序的处理过程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
    </o:p>
    </span></font></p>
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      <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch103"></a>10．3 
      图形用户接口元素<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">（学生自己阅读）</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">窗口——</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">用户与应用程序的接口，一个窗口代表有一个任务在执行。</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">图标——</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">图形用户接口中的一个重要元素，代表一个应用程序或文件</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">菜单——</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">提供用户对应用程序所能执行的各种操作</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">4．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对话框</span></font></p>
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      <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch104"></a>10．4 
      图形用户接口元素的基本操作<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">菜单操作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">窗口操作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对话框操作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
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