ch2.htm

汤子瀛《操作系统》电子教案

    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的作用：操作系统调度进程的主要数据依据：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">记录进程的有关信息，供系统对进程进行控制；</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标志进程存在。</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中的信息：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程标识信息：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    &nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处理机状态信息：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程调度信息：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程控制信息</span> 
    <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span></font></p>  
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑶</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组织方式：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">链接方式：</span></font></p>
    <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
    </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">索引方式：</span></font></p>
    <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#FFFFFF">一般就绪队列一个，等待队列按等待原因分为多个。</font></span></p>
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      <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch23"></a>2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#FFFFFF">区分特权指令的原因：避免用户使用而使系统陷于混乱；</font></span></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">方便用户，不必了解硬件细节。</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特权指令：只能由操作系统内核部分使用，不允许用户直接使用的指令。如，</span><span lang="EN-US">I/O</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">指令、置终端屏蔽指令、清内存、建存储保护、设置时钟指令。</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非特权指令：所有程序均可直接使用。</span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#FFFFFF">引入系统态和核心态的原因：</font></span></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#FFFFFF">系统态（核心态、特态、管态）：执行全部指令。</font></span></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font color="#FFFFFF">用户态（常态、目态）：执行非特权指令。</font></span></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">1．</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">操作系统内核</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内核的引入原因及定义。</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内核功能：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴支撑功能：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中断处理、时钟管理、原语操作</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原语的定义：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵资源管理功能</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程管理、存储管理、设备管理</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">2．</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程的创建</span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统创建、父进程创建</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴进程图</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵引起进程创建的事件</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用户登录、作业调度、提供服务、应用请求</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑶进程的创建流程</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">申请空白</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">块、为新进程分配资源、初始化进程控制块、将进程插入就绪队列</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．进程的终止</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑴引起进程终止的事件</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正常结束：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">异常结束：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   
      &nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">外界的干预：</span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;   
      </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">⑵进程的终止流程</span></font></p>