ch12.htm

汤子瀛《操作系统》电子教案

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      <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch126"></a>12．6<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span>网络和分布式系统的安全性<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">安全性要求如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">保密性、完整性、可用性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">对网络和分布式系统安全性的威胁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑴对系统安全性的威胁类型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">中断：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">截获：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">修改：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">伪造：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑵攻击方式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">被动攻击：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">主动攻击：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑶攻击途径</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">数据加密的基本概念</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑴数据加密模型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑵加密算法类型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">按其对称性，可把加密和解密分为对称加密和非对称加密算法；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">按所变换的明文单位，对加密算法进行分类：序列加密算法和分组加密算法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑶基本加密方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">易位法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">置换法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">数据加密标准和数字签名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑴数据加密标准</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">DES<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑵公开密钥法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">　⑶数字签名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">简单电子签名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">保密电子签名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">4．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">网络加密</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑴链路加密</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">异步传输规程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">面向字符的同步传输规程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">面向比特的传输规程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">&nbsp; 
      </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑵端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">—</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">端加密</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
      <p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">5．密钥分配<o:p>
      </o:p>
      </span></font></p>
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