📄 ch12.htm
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">死锁检测中的问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑴进程与资源的分布性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑵时序的不确定性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑶死锁的虚假性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑷预防和解除死锁方法的多样性</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US">3．死锁的预防<o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑴摒弃“请求和保持”条件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">资源型死锁的预防</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">重新组成型死锁的预防</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑵摒弃“环路等待”条件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">线性排序法：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">等待</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">—</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">死亡算法：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">“死亡</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">—</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">等待”算法：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">存储</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">—</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">转发行死锁型的预防</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">4</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">分布式死锁的检测</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑴集中式控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑵分布式控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><a name="ch125"></a>12．5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>任务分配<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">任务分配的目标：增强任务执行时的并行性，以提高系统的加速比；均衡各处理机上的负载，以改善资源的利用；减少处理机之间的通信量，以降低通信开销；允许规定大量的限制条件，以适应多种应用的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">1．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">任务分配时应考虑的问题</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑴系统结构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">松散耦合或紧密耦合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">异构或同构</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">通信距离</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">存储器容量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> ⑵作业性质</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">关于任务分配算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">2．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">最早调度算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">3．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">子集调度算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体">4．</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">搜索树</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑴加工费用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">IPC</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">费用：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">任务处理费用：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑵限制条件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">任务性质矩阵：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">任务互斥矩阵：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">存储器属性：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">⑶任务分配算法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">性能函数规则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">消除规则</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">利用资源限制向量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">RBV</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">检查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><font color="#FFFFFF"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">对任务</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">k</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的加工费用（包括处理机</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">i</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">的处理费用及有关通信费用）的检查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p>
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