map.java

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package org.garret.perst;

/**
 * An object that maps keys to values.  A map cannot contain duplicate keys;
 * each key can map to at most one value.
 *
 * <p>This interface takes the place of the <tt>Dictionary</tt> class, which
 * was a totally abstract class rather than an interface.
 *
 * <p>The <tt>Map</tt> interface provides three <i>collection views</i>, which
 * allow a map's contents to be viewed as a set of keys, collection of values,
 * or set of key-value mappings.  The <i>order</i> of a map is defined as
 * the order in which the iterators on the map's collection views return their
 * elements.  Some map implementations, like the <tt>TreeMap</tt> class, make
 * specific guarantees as to their order; others, like the <tt>HashMap</tt>
 * class, do not.
 *
 * <p>Note: great care must be exercised if mutable objects are used as map
 * keys.  The behavior of a map is not specified if the value of an object is
 * changed in a manner that affects equals comparisons while the object is a
 * key in the map.  A special case of this prohibition is that it is not
 * permissible for a map to contain itself as a key.  While it is permissible
 * for a map to contain itself as a value, extreme caution is advised: the
 * equals and hashCode methods are no longer well defined on a such a map.
 *
 * <p>All general-purpose map implementation classes should provide two
 * "standard" constructors: a void (no arguments) constructor which creates an
 * empty map, and a constructor with a single argument of type <tt>Map</tt>,
 * which creates a new map with the same key-value mappings as its argument.
 * In effect, the latter constructor allows the user to copy any map,
 * producing an equivalent map of the desired class.  There is no way to
 * enforce this recommendation (as interfaces cannot contain constructors) but
 * all of the general-purpose map implementations in the SDK comply.
 *
 * <p>The "destructive" methods contained in this interface, that is, the
 * methods that modify the map on which they operate, are specified to throw
 * <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> if this map does not support the
 * operation.  If this is the case, these methods may, but are not required
 * to, throw an <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt> if the invocation would
 * have no effect on the map.  
 *
 * <p>Some map implementations have restrictions on the keys and values they
 * may contain.  For example, some implementations prohibit null keys and
 * values, and some have restrictions on the types of their keys.  Attempting
 * to insert an ineligible key or value throws an unchecked exception,
 * typically <tt>NullPointerException</tt> or <tt>ClassCastException</tt>.
 * Attempting to query the presence of an ineligible key or value may throw an
 * exception, or it may simply return false; some implementations will exhibit
 * the former behavior and some will exhibit the latter.  More generally,
 * attempting an operation on an ineligible key or value whose completion
 * would not result in the insertion of an ineligible element into the map may
 * throw an exception or it may succeed, at the option of the implementation.
 * Such exceptions are marked as "optional" in the specification for this
 * interface.
 */
public interface Map {
    // Query Operations

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.  If the
     * map contains more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
     * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
     *
     * @return the number of key-value mappings in this map.
     */
    int size();

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains no key-value mappings.
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
     * key.  More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if
     * this map contains at a mapping for a key <tt>k</tt> such that
     * <tt>(key==null ? k==null : key.equals(k))</tt>.  (There can be
     * at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * @param key key whose presence in this map is to be tested.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map contains a mapping for the specified
     *         key.
     * 
     * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
     * 		  this map (optional).
     * @throws NullPointerException if the key is <tt>null</tt> and this map
     *            does not not permit <tt>null</tt> keys (optional).
     */
    boolean containsKey(Object key);

    /**
     * Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key.  Returns
     * <tt>null</tt> if the map contains no mapping for this key.  A return
     * value of <tt>null</tt> does not <i>necessarily</i> indicate that the
     * map contains no mapping for the key; it's also possible that the map
     * explicitly maps the key to <tt>null</tt>.  The <tt>containsKey</tt>
     * operation may be used to distinguish these two cases.
     *
     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
     * <tt>k</tt> to a value <tt>v</tt> such that <tt>(key==null ? k==null :
     * key.equals(k))</tt>, then this method returns <tt>v</tt>; otherwise
     * it returns <tt>null</tt>.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * @param key key whose associated value is to be returned.
     * @return the value to which this map maps the specified key, or
     *	       <tt>null</tt> if the map contains no mapping for this key.
     * 
     * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
     * 		  this map (optional).
     * @throws NullPointerException key is <tt>null</tt> and this map does not
     *		  not permit <tt>null</tt> keys (optional).
     * 
     * @see #containsKey(Object)
     */
    Object get(Object key);

    // Modification Operations

    /**
     * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map
     * (optional operation).  If the map previously contained a mapping for
     * this key, the old value is replaced by the specified value.  (A map
     * <tt>m</tt> is said to contain a mapping for a key <tt>k</tt> if and only
     * if {@link #containsKey(Object) m.containsKey(k)} would return
     * <tt>true</tt>.)) 
     *
     * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated.
     * @param value value to be associated with the specified key.
     * @return previous value associated with specified key, or <tt>null</tt>
     *	       if there was no mapping for key.  A <tt>null</tt> return can
     *	       also indicate that the map previously associated <tt>null</tt>
     *	       with the specified key, if the implementation supports
     *	       <tt>null</tt> values.
     * 
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>put</tt> operation is
     *	          not supported by this map.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified key or value
     * 	          prevents it from being stored in this map.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some aspect of this key or value
     *	          prevents it from being stored in this map.
     * @throws NullPointerException this map does not permit <tt>null</tt>
     *            keys or values, and the specified key or value is
     *            <tt>null</tt>.
     */
    Object put(Object key, Object value);

    /**
     * Removes the mapping for this key from this map if it is present
     * (optional operation).   More formally, if this map contains a mapping
     * from key <tt>k</tt> to value <tt>v</tt> such that
     * <code>(key==null ?  k==null : key.equals(k))</code>, that mapping
     * is removed.  (The map can contain at most one such mapping.)
     *
     * <p>Returns the value to which the map previously associated the key, or
     * <tt>null</tt> if the map contained no mapping for this key.  (A
     * <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map previously
     * associated <tt>null</tt> with the specified key if the implementation
     * supports <tt>null</tt> values.)  The map will not contain a mapping for
     * the specified  key once the call returns.
     *
     * @param key key whose mapping is to be removed from the map.
     * @return previous value associated with specified key, or <tt>null</tt>
     *	       if there was no mapping for key.
     *
     * @throws ClassCastException if the key is of an inappropriate type for
     * 		  this map (optional).
     * @throws NullPointerException if the key is <tt>null</tt> and this map
     *            does not not permit <tt>null</tt> keys (optional).
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the <tt>remove</tt> method is
     *         not supported by this map.
     */
    Object remove(Object key);


    /**
     * Removes all mappings from this map (optional operation).
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException clear is not supported by this
     * 		  map.
     */
    void clear();

    /**
     * A map entry (key-value pair). The <tt>Map.Entry</tt> objects are
     * valid <i>only</i> for the duration of the iteration; more formally,
     * the behavior of a map entry is undefined if the backing map has been
     * modified after the entry was returned by the iterator, except through
     * the iterator's own <tt>remove</tt> operation, or through the
     * <tt>setValue</tt> operation on a map entry returned by the iterator.
     */
    interface Entry {
    	/**
	 * Returns the key corresponding to this entry.
	 *
	 * @return the key corresponding to this entry.
	 */
	Object getKey();

    	/**
	 * Returns the value corresponding to this entry.  If the mapping
	 * has been removed from the backing map (by the iterator's
	 * <tt>remove</tt> operation), the results of this call are undefined.
	 *
	 * @return the value corresponding to this entry.
	 */
	Object getValue();

    }
}