📄 quadrature amplitude modulation.htm
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<H4><B><FONT face="Arial Rounded MT Bold"><FONT
color=#3333ff><FONT size=+3>Q A
M</FONT></FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><SUB><FONT color=#ffffff>-</FONT></SUB><SUP>(<FONT
face=Verdana>A.K.A., I & Q
Modulation</FONT>) </SUP></B></CENTER></TD></TR>
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<CENTER><B><FONT face="Arial Rounded MT Bold"><FONT
point-size="12"><U><SUB><FONT
color=#ffffff>-</FONT></SUB><FONT
color=#cc0000>Q</FONT></U><FONT color=#cc0000>uadrature
<U>A</U>mplitude <U>M</U>odulation
(QAM)</FONT><SUP><FONT
color=#ffffff>-</FONT></SUP></FONT></FONT></B></CENTER></TD></TR>
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<TD><B><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">Brief
Discussion</FONT></B></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">I & Q
modulation, A.K.A., QAM, is a method for sending two
separate (and uniquely different) channels of
information. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">As you know, the
carrier is shifted to create two carriers: sin and cos
versions. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">The two modulation
inputs (analog or digital) are applied to two separate
balanced modulators (BM) each of which are
supplied with the sin or cos carriers, i.e.,
modulator #1 is supplied with the sin carrier and
modulator #2 is supplied with the cos
carrier. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">The outputs of
both modulators are algebraically summed; the result of
which is now a single signal to be transmitted,
containing the I & Q information. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">This signal is for
all intents and purposes a 'Double Sideband Signal'
(DSB) with or without a carrier (reduced). </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">In the case of
color television chroma, the subcarrier is transmitted
as a very short burst (8 to 9 alternations); the
reconstituted carrier is derived from this burst
at the receiver. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">This method of
modulation has the advantage of reducing or eliminating
intermodulation interference caused by a
continuous carrier near the modulation
sidebands. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">==== </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">Upon reception,
the composite signal ( I & Q) is processed to
extract a carrier replica which is again shifted in
phase to create both sin and cos
carriers. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">These carriers are
applied to two different demodulators; each demodulator
outputs one of the two original signals applied in
the modulation process (I & Q) at the
transmitter. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">In the more recent
incarnations of the QAM or I & Q modulation
techniques, an Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) is used
to first convert the analog input to a serialized
digital bit stream and is applied to the QAM modulators;
likewise at the receiver. </FONT>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman,Times">For more detailed
info on QAM, check out Analog Devices, Inc.
<A
href="http://www.analog.com/">http://www.analog.com/</A></FONT>
<BR> </P></TD></TR>
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<CENTER><B><FONT face=Arial,Helvetica><FONT color=#000000>See
also: <A
href="http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_am.htm">AM</A></FONT><FONT
color=#ffffff>--- </FONT><FONT color=#000000><A
href="http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_dsb.htm">DSB</A></FONT><FONT
color=#ffffff>--- </FONT><FONT color=#000000><A
href="http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_ssb.htm">SSB</A></FONT><FONT
color=#ffffff>--- </FONT><FONT color=#000000><A
href="http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_fm.htm">FM</A></FONT><FONT
color=#ffffff>--- </FONT><FONT color=#000000><A
href="http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_mod.htm">Mix &
Mod</A></FONT></FONT></B></CENTER></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></CENTER>
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