📄 da01.htm
字号:
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=47 valign=top style='width:35.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=47 valign=top style='width:35.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=47 valign=top style='width:35.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=47 valign=top style='width:35.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:黑体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:11.4pt;text-indent:-11.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
-1.0'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:黑体;
mso-hansi-font-family:宋体'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:11.4pt;text-indent:-11.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
-1.0'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:黑体;mso-hansi-font-family:
宋体'>三．填空题<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>1</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．数据元素<span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>数据元素间关系 <span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>2</span>．集合<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>线性结构<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>树形结构<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>图状结构或网状结构。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>3</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．数据的组织形式，即数据元素之间逻辑关系的总体。而逻辑关系是指数据元素之间的关联方式或称“邻接关系”。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>4</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．表示（又称映像）。<span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>5</span>．（<span lang=EN-US>1</span>）逻辑特性<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>（<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>）在计算机内部如何表示和实现<span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>（<span lang=EN-US>3</span>）数学特性。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>6</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。<span
lang=EN-US>7</span>．（<span lang=EN-US>1</span>）逻辑结构（<span lang=EN-US>2</span>）物理结构（<span
lang=EN-US>3</span>）操作（运算）（<span lang=EN-US>4</span>）算法。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>8</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．（<span lang=EN-US>1</span>）有穷性<span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>（<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>）确定性 （<span lang=EN-US>3</span>）可行性。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>9</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．（<span lang=EN-US>1</span>）<span
lang=EN-US>n+1<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>（<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>）<span lang=EN-US>n<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span></span>（<span lang=EN-US>3</span>）<span lang=EN-US>n(n+3)/2<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>（<span lang=EN-US>4</span>）<span
lang=EN-US>n(n+1)/2</span>。<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>10</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．<span lang=EN-US>1+</span>（<span
lang=EN-US>1+2++</span>（<span lang=EN-US>1+2+3</span>）<span lang=EN-US>+</span>…<span
lang=EN-US>+</span>（<span lang=EN-US>1+2+…+n</span>）<span lang=EN-US>=n(n+1)(n+2)/6<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>O(n<sup>3</sup>)<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>11. log<sub>2</sub>n<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>12. nlog<sub>2</sub>n<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>13. log<sub>2</sub>n<sup>2<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span></sup>14. (n+3)(n-2)/2<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>15. O(n)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:40.8pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo10;
tab-stops:list 40.8pt'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>16.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>①<span lang=EN-US> (1)1<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(2)1<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(3)f(m,n-1)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(4)n<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span>②<span lang=EN-US> 9<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>17. n(n-1)/2</span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:黑体;
mso-hansi-font-family:宋体'>四．应用题<span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:22.8pt;mso-para-margin-left:2.0gd'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>1</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体'>．数据结构是一门研究在非数值计算的程序设计问题中，计算机的操作对象及对象间的关系和施加于对象的操作等的学科。<span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>2</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>．四种表示方法</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:11.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:.98'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>1</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）顺序存储方式。数据元素顺序存放，每个存储结点只含一个元素。存储位置反映数据元素间的逻辑关系。存储密度大，但有些操作（如插入、删除）效率较差。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:11.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:.98'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>2</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）链式存储方式。每个存储结点除包含数据元素信息外还包含一组（至少一个）指针。指针反映数据元素间的逻辑关系。这种方式不要求存储空间连续，便于动态操作（如插入、删除等），但存储空间开销大（用于指针），另外不能折半查找等。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:11.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:.98'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>3</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）索引存储方式。除数据元素存储在一地址连续的内存空间外，尚需建立一个索引表，索引表中索引指示存储结点的存储位置（下标）或存储区间端点（下标），兼有静态和动态特性。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:11.15pt;mso-char-indent-count:.98'><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>4</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）散列存储方式。通过散列函数和解决冲突的方法，将关键字散列在连续的有限的地址空间内，并将散列函数的值解释成关键字所在元素的存储地址，这种存储方式称为散列存储。其特点是存取速度快，只能按关键字随机存取，不能顺序存取，也不能折半存取。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>3</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>．数据类型是程序设计语言中的一个概念，它是一个值的集合和操作的集合。如</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>C</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>语言中的整型、实型、字符型等。整型值的范围（对具体机器都应有整数范围），其操作有加、减、乘、除、求余等。实际上数据类型是厂家提供给用户的已实现了的数据结构。“抽象数据类型（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>ADT</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）”指一个数学模型及定义在该模型上的一组操作。“抽象”的意义在于数据类型的数学抽象特性。抽象数据类型的定义仅取决于它的逻辑特性，而与其在计算机内部如何表示和实现无关。无论其内部结构如何变化，只要它的数学特性不变就不影响它的外部使用。抽象数据类型和数据类型实质上是一个概念。此外，抽象数据类型的范围更广，它已不再局限于机器已定义和实现的数据类型，还包括用户在设计软件系统时自行定义的数据类型。使用抽象数据类型定义的软件模块含定义、表示和实现三部分，封装在一起，对用户透明（提供接口），而不必了解实现细节。抽象数据类型的出现使程序设计不再是“艺术”，而是向“科学”迈进了一步。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
tab-stops:45.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>4</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>．（</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>1</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）数据的逻辑结构反映数据元素之间的逻辑关系（即数据元素之间的关联方式或“邻接关系”），数据的存储结构是数据结构在计算机中的表示，包括数据元素的表示及其关系的表示。数据的运算是对数据定义的一组操作，运算是定义在逻辑结构上的，和存储结构无关，而运算的实现则是依赖于存储结构。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.05pt;text-indent:-.05pt;tab-stops:45.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>2</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）逻辑结构相同但存储不同，可以是不同的数据结构。例如，线性表的逻辑结构属于线性结构，采用顺序存储结构为顺序表，而采用链式存储结构称为线性链表。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.05pt;text-indent:-.05pt;tab-stops:45.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>3</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）栈和队列的逻辑结构相同，其存储表示也可相同（顺序存储和链式存储），但由于其运算集合不同而成为不同的数据结构。</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.05pt;text-indent:-.05pt;tab-stops:45.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'>4</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>）数据结构的评价非常复杂，可以考虑两个方面，一是所选数据结构是否准确、完整的刻划了问题的基本特征；二是是否容易实现（如对数据分解是否恰当；逻辑结构的选择是否适合于运算的功能，是否有利于运算的实现；基本运算的选择是否恰当。）</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:22.8pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -