tij_c.html

学习java的经典书籍

<A HREF="tij0078.html">Overriding vs. overloading</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0079.html">Abstract classes  and methods</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0080.html">Interfaces</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0080.html#Heading217">&#8220;Multiple inheritance&#8221; in Java</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0080.html#Heading218">Extending an interface  with inheritance</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0080.html#Heading219">Grouping constants</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0080.html#Heading220">Initializing fields in interfaces</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0081.html">Inner classes</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading222">Inner classes and upcasting</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading223">Inner classes in methods and scopes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading224">The link to the outer class</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading225">static inner classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading226">Referring to the outer class object</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading227">Inheriting from inner classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading228">Can inner classes be overridden?</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading229">Inner class identifiers</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0081.html#Heading230">Why inner classes: control frameworks</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0082.html">Constructors and polymorphism</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0082.html#Heading232">Order of constructor calls</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0082.html#Heading233">Inheritance and finalize(&#160;)</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0082.html#Heading234">Behavior of polymorphic methods  inside constructors</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0083.html">Designing with inheritance</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0083.html#Heading236">Pure inheritance vs. extension</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0083.html#Heading237">Downcasting and run-time  type identification</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0084.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0085.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0086.html">8: Holding  your objects</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0087.html">Arrays</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0087.html#Heading242">Arrays are first-class objects</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0087.html#Heading243">Collections of primitives</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0087.html#Heading244">Returning an array</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0088.html">Collections</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0088.html#Heading246">Disadvantage: unknown type</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0088.html#Heading247">Sometimes it works right anyway</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0088.html#Heading248">Making a type-conscious Vector</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0088.html#Heading249">Parameterized types</A><P>
</UL>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0089.html">Enumerators (iterators)</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0090.html">Types of collections</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading252">Vector</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading253">Crashing Java</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading254">BitSet</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading255">Stack</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading256">Hashtable</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading257">Creating &#8220;key&#8221; classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading258">Properties: a type of Hashtable</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0090.html#Heading259">Enumerators revisited</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0091.html">Sorting</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0092.html">The generic collection library</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html">The new collections</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading263">Using Collections</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading264">Using Lists</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading265">Using Sets</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading266">Using Maps</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading267">Choosing an implementation</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading268">Choosing between Lists</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading269">Choosing between Sets</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading270">Choosing between Maps</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading271">Unsupported operations</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading272">Sorting and searching</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading273">Arrays</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading274">Comparable and Comparator</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading275">Lists</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading276">Utilities</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading277">Making a Collection or Map unmodifiable</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0093.html#Heading278">Synchronizing a Collection or Map</A><P>
</UL>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0094.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0095.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0096.html">9: Error handling  with exceptions</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0097.html">Basic exceptions</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0097.html#Heading283">Exception arguments</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0098.html">Catching an exception</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading285">The try block</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading286">Exception handlers</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading287">Termination vs. resumption</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading288">The exception specification</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading289">Catching any exception</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0098.html#Heading290">Rethrowing an exception</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0099.html">Standard Java exceptions</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0099.html#Heading292">The special case of RuntimeException</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0100.html">Creating your own exceptions</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0101.html">Exception restrictions</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0102.html">Performing cleanup  with finally</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0102.html#Heading296">What&#8217;s finally for?</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0102.html#Heading297">Pitfall: the lost exception</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0103.html">Constructors</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0104.html">Exception matching</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0104.html#Heading300">Exception guidelines</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0105.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0106.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0107.html">10: The Java  IO system</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0108.html">Input and output</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0108.html#Heading305">Types of InputStream</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0108.html#Heading306">Types of OutputStream</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0109.html">Adding attributes  and useful interfaces</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0109.html#Heading308">Reading from an InputStream  with FilterInputStream</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0109.html#Heading309">Writing to an OutputStream  with FilterOutputStream</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0110.html">Off by itself:  RandomAccessFile</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0111.html">The File class</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0111.html#Heading312">A directory lister</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0111.html#Heading313">Anonymous inner classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0111.html#Heading314">A sorted directory listing</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0111.html#Heading315">Checking for and creating directories</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html">Typical uses of IO streams</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading317">Input streams</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading318">1. Buffered input file</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading319">2. Input from memory</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading320">3. Formatted memory input</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading321">4. Line numbering and file output</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading322">Output streams</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading323">5. Storing and recovering data</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading324">6. Reading and writing random access files</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading325">Shorthand for file manipulation</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading326">7. File input shorthand</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading327">8. Formatted file output shorthand</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading328">9. Data file output shorthand</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading329">Reading from standard input</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0112.html#Heading330">Piped streams</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0113.html">StreamTokenizer</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0113.html#Heading332">StringTokenizer</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0114.html">Java 1.1 IO streams</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0114.html#Heading334">Sources and sinks of data</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0114.html#Heading335">Modifying stream behavior</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0114.html#Heading336">Unchanged Classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0114.html#Heading337">An example</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0114.html#Heading338">Redirecting standard IO</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0115.html">Compression</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0115.html#Heading340">Simple compression with GZIP</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0115.html#Heading341">Multi-file storage with Zip</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0115.html#Heading342">The Java archive (jar) utility</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0116.html">Object serialization</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading344">Finding the class</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading345">Controlling serialization</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading346">The transient keyword</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading347">An alternative to Externalizable</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading348">Versioning</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0116.html#Heading349">Using persistence</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0117.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0118.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0119.html">11: Run-time type identification</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0120.html">The need for RTTI</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0120.html#Heading354">The Class object</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0120.html#Heading355">Class literals</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0120.html#Heading356">Checking before a cast</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0120.html#Heading357">Using class literals</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0120.html#Heading358">A dynamic instanceof</A><P>
</UL>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0121.html">RTTI syntax</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0122.html">Reflection: run-time  class information</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0122.html#Heading361">A class method extractor</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0123.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0124.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0125.html">12: Passing and returning objects</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0126.html">Passing handles around</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0126.html#Heading366">Aliasing</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0127.html">Making local copies</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading368">Pass by value</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading369">Cloning objects</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading370">Adding cloneability to a class</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading371">Using a trick with protected</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading372">Implementing the Cloneable interface</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading373">Successful cloning</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading374">The effect of Object.clone(&#160;)</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading375">Cloning a composed object</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading376">A deep copy with Vector</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading377">Deep copy via serialization</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading378">Adding cloneability  further down a hierarchy</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0127.html#Heading379">Why this strange design?</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0128.html">Controlling cloneability</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0128.html#Heading381">The copy-constructor</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0128.html#Heading382">Why does it work in C++ and not Java?</A><P>
</UL>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0129.html">Read-only classes</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading384">Creating read-only classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading385">The drawback to immutability</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading386">Immutable Strings</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading387">Implicit constants</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading388">Overloading &#8216;+&#8217; and the StringBuffer</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading389">The String and StringBuffer classes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0129.html#Heading390">Strings are special</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0130.html">Summary</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0131.html">Exercises</A><P>
</UL>
<br><b><A HREF="tij0132.html">13: Creating windows  and applets</A></b><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0133.html">Why use the AWT?</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0134.html">The basic applet</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0134.html#Heading396">Testing applets</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0134.html#Heading397">A more graphical example</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0134.html#Heading398">Demonstrating  the framework methods</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0135.html">Making a button</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0136.html">Capturing an event</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0137.html">Text fields</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0138.html">Text areas</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0139.html">Labels</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0140.html">Check boxes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0141.html">Radio buttons</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0142.html">Drop-down lists</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0143.html">List boxes</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0143.html#Heading408">handleEvent(&#160;)</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0144.html">Controlling layout</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading410">FlowLayout</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading411">BorderLayout</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading412">GridLayout</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading413">CardLayout</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading414">Combining layouts</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0144.html#Heading415">GridBagLayout</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0145.html">Alternatives to action</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0146.html">Applet restrictions</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0146.html#Heading418">Applet advantages</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0147.html">Windowed applications</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0147.html#Heading420">Menus</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0147.html#Heading421">Dialog boxes</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0147.html#Heading422">File dialogs</A><P>
</UL>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html">The new AWT</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading424">The new event model</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading425">Event and listener types</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading426">Using listener adapters for simplicity</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading427">Making windows and applets  with the Java 1.1 AWT</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading428">Making the window listener an anonymous class</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading429">Packaging the applet into a JAR file</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading430">Revisiting the earlier examples</A><P>
<UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading431">Text fields</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading432">Text areas</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading433">Check boxes and radio buttons</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading434">Drop-down lists</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading435">Lists</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading436">Menus</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading437">Dialog boxes</A><P>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading438">File dialogs</A><P>
</UL>
<A HREF="tij0148.html#Heading439">Binding events dynamically</A><P>