http.h

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/*
 * http.h
 *
 * HyperText Transport Protocol classes.
 *
 * Portable Windows Library
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1993-1998 Equivalence Pty. Ltd.
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
 * Version 1.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
 * basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
 * the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * The Original Code is Portable Windows Library.
 *
 * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Equivalence Pty. Ltd.
 *
 * Portions are Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
 *
 * $Log: http.h,v $
 * Revision 1.42  2000/05/02 08:28:10  craigs
 * Removed "memory leaks" caused by brain-dead GNU linker
 *
 * Revision 1.41  1999/09/17 01:11:14  robertj
 * Fixed some documentation typos.
 *
 * Revision 1.40  1999/05/13 04:04:04  robertj
 * Fixed problem of initialised commandName in ConnectionInfo.
 *
 * Revision 1.39  1999/05/04 15:26:01  robertj
 * Improved HTTP/1.1 compatibility (pass through user commands).
 * Fixed problems with quicktime installer.
 *
 * Revision 1.38  1999/04/21 01:58:08  robertj
 * Fixed problem with reading data for request using second form of PHTTPRequestInfo constructor.
 *
 * Revision 1.37  1999/03/09 08:01:46  robertj
 * Changed comments for doc++ support (more to come).
 *
 * Revision 1.36  1999/02/16 08:07:10  robertj
 * MSVC 6.0 compatibility changes.
 *
 * Revision 1.35  1998/11/30 02:50:47  robertj
 * New directory structure
 *
 * Revision 1.34  1998/10/31 12:49:21  robertj
 * Added read/write mutex to the HTTP space variable to avoid thread crashes.
 *
 * Revision 1.33  1998/10/25 01:00:46  craigs
 * Added ability to specify per-directory authorisation for PHTTPDirectory
 *
 * Revision 1.32  1998/09/23 06:19:29  robertj
 * Added open source copyright license.
 *
 * Revision 1.31  1998/07/24 06:58:42  robertj
 * Changed PostData function so just has string for data instead of dictionary.
 *
 * Revision 1.30  1998/06/16 03:33:33  robertj
 * Changed TCP connection shutdown to be parameterised.
 * Propagated persistence and proxy flags in new connection info instances.
 *
 * Revision 1.29  1998/04/14 03:42:59  robertj
 * Fixed error code propagation in HTTP client.
 *
 * Revision 1.28  1998/02/03 06:29:38  robertj
 * Added local address and port to PHTTPRequest.
 *
 * Revision 1.27  1998/01/26 00:24:24  robertj
 * Added more information to PHTTPConnectionInfo.
 * Added function to allow HTTPClient to automatically connect if URL has hostname.
 *
 * Revision 1.26  1997/10/30 10:22:52  robertj
 * Added multiple user basic authorisation scheme.
 *
 * Revision 1.25  1997/10/03 13:30:15  craigs
 * Added ability to access client socket from within HTTP resources
 *
 * Revision 1.24  1997/03/28 04:40:22  robertj
 * Added tags for cookies.
 *
 * Revision 1.23  1997/01/12 04:15:19  robertj
 * Globalised MIME tag strings.
 *
 * Revision 1.22  1996/10/26 03:31:05  robertj
 * Changed OnError so can pass in full HTML page as parameter.
 *
 * Revision 1.21  1996/09/14 13:09:10  robertj
 * Major upgrade:
 *   rearranged sockets to help support IPX.
 *   added indirect channel class and moved all protocols to descend from it,
 *   separating the protocol from the low level byte transport.
 *
 * Revision 1.20  1996/08/22 13:20:55  robertj
 * Fixed bug in authorisation, missing virtual prevented polymorphism.
 *
 * Revision 1.19  1996/08/19 13:44:06  robertj
 * Fixed authorisation so if have no user/password on basic authentication, does not require it.
 *
 * Revision 1.18  1996/06/28 13:15:23  robertj
 * Modified HTTPAuthority so gets PHTTPReqest (mainly for URL) passed in.
 * Moved HTTP form resource to another compilation module.
 *
 * Revision 1.17  1996/06/07 13:52:20  robertj
 * Added PUT to HTTP proxy FTP. Necessitating redisign of entity body processing.
 *
 * Revision 1.16  1996/05/23 10:00:52  robertj
 * Added common function for GET and HEAD commands.
 * Fixed status codes to be the actual status code instead of sequential enum.
 * This fixed some problems with proxy pass through of status codes.
 *
 * Revision 1.14  1996/03/31 08:46:51  robertj
 * HTTP 1.1 upgrade.
 *
 * Revision 1.13  1996/03/17 05:41:57  robertj
 * Added hit count to PHTTPResource.
 *
 * Revision 1.12  1996/03/16 04:39:55  robertj
 * Added ParseReponse() for splitting reponse line into code and info.
 * Added client side support for HTTP socket.
 * Added hooks for proxy support in HTTP socket.
 *
 * Revision 1.11  1996/03/10 13:15:23  robertj
 * Redesign to make resources thread safe.
 *
 * Revision 1.10  1996/03/02 03:12:55  robertj
 * Added radio button and selection boxes to HTTP form resource.
 *
 * Revision 1.9  1996/02/25 11:14:21  robertj
 * Radio button support for forms.
 *
 * Revision 1.8  1996/02/25 02:57:48  robertj
 * Removed pass through HTTP resource.
 *
 * Revision 1.7  1996/02/19 13:25:43  robertj
 * Added overwrite option to AddResource().
 * Added get/set string to PHTTPString resource.
 * Moved nested classes from PHTTPForm.
 *
 * Revision 1.6  1996/02/13 13:09:16  robertj
 * Added extra parameters to callback function in PHTTPResources, required
 *   by descendants to make informed decisions on data being loaded.
 *
 * Revision 1.5  1996/02/08 12:04:19  robertj
 * Redesign of resource object callback virtuals.
 * Added HTML form resource type.
 *
 * Revision 1.4  1996/02/03 11:03:32  robertj
 * Added ismodified since and expires time checking.
 * Added PHTTPString that defaults to empty string.
 *
 * Revision 1.3  1996/01/28 14:15:38  robertj
 * Changed PCharArray in OnLoadData to PString for convenience in mangling data.
 * Beginning of pass through resource type.
 *
 * Revision 1.2  1996/01/26 02:24:26  robertj
 * Further implemetation.
 *
 * Revision 1.1  1996/01/23 13:04:20  robertj
 * Initial revision
 *
 */

#ifndef _PHTTP
#define _PHTTP

#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma interface
#endif

#include <ptclib/inetprot.h>
#include <ptclib/mime.h>
#include <ptclib/url.h>
#include <ptclib/html.h>
#include <ptlib/ipsock.h>


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PHTTPSpace

class PHTTPResource;

/** This class describes a name space that a Universal Resource Locator operates
   in. Each section of the hierarchy field of the URL points to a leg in the
   tree specified by this class.
 */
class PHTTPSpace : public PContainer
{
  PCONTAINERINFO(PHTTPSpace, PContainer)
  public:
    /// Constructor for HTTP URL Name Space

    PHTTPSpace();


  // New functions for class.
    enum AddOptions {

      ErrorOnExist,

      Overwrite

    };



    /** Add a new resource to the URL space. If there is already a resource at
       the location in the tree, or that location in the tree is already in
       the path to another resource then the function will fail.

       The <CODE>overwrite</CODE> flag can be used to replace an existing
       resource. The function will still fail if the resource is on a partial
       path to another resource but not if it is a leaf node.

       @return
       TRUE if resource added, FALSE if failed.
     */
    BOOL AddResource(
      PHTTPResource * resource, /// Resource to add to the name space.
      AddOptions overwrite = ErrorOnExist
        /// Flag to overwrite an existing resource if it already exists.
    );

    /** Delete an existing resource to the URL space. If there is not a resource
       at the location in the tree, or that location in the tree is in the
       path to another resource then the function will fail.

       @return
       TRUE if resource deleted, FALSE if failed.
     */
    BOOL DelResource(
      const PURL & url          /// URL to search for in the name space.
    );

    /** Locate the resource specified by the URL in the URL name space.

       @return
       The resource found or NULL if no resource at that position in hiearchy.
     */
    PHTTPResource * FindResource(
      const PURL & url   /// URL to search for in the name space.
    );

    /** This function attempts to acquire the mutex for reading.
     */
    void StartRead() const
      { mutex->StartRead(); }

    /** This function attempts to release the mutex for reading.
     */
    void EndRead() const
      { mutex->EndRead(); }

    /** This function attempts to acquire the mutex for writing.
     */
    void StartWrite() const
      { mutex->StartWrite(); }

    /** This function attempts to release the mutex for writing.
     */
    void EndWrite() const
      { mutex->EndWrite(); }


  protected:
    PReadWriteMutex * mutex;
    class Node;
    PSORTED_LIST(ChildList, Node);
    class Node : public PString
    {
      PCLASSINFO(Node, PString)
      public:
        Node(const PString & name, Node * parentNode);
        ~Node();

        Node          * parent;
        ChildList       children;
        PHTTPResource * resource;
    } * root;

  private:
    BOOL SetSize(PINDEX) { return FALSE; }
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PHTTP

/** A common base class for TCP/IP socket for the HyperText Transfer Protocol
version 1.0 client and server.
 */
class PHTTP : public PInternetProtocol
{
  PCLASSINFO(PHTTP, PInternetProtocol)

  public:
  // New functions for class.
    enum Commands {
      // HTTP/1.0 commands
      GET, HEAD, POST,
      // HTTP/1.1 commands
      PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS,
      // HTTPS command
      CONNECT,
      NumCommands
    };

    enum StatusCode {
      Continue = 100,              // 100 - Continue
      SwitchingProtocols,          // 101 - upgrade allowed
      OK = 200,                    // 200 - request has succeeded
      Created,                     // 201 - new resource created: entity body contains URL
      Accepted,                    // 202 - request accepted, but not yet completed
      NonAuthoritativeInformation, // 203 - not definitive entity header
      NoContent,                   // 204 - no new information
      ResetContent,                // 205 - contents have been reset
      PartialContent,              // 206 - partial GET succeeded
      MultipleChoices = 300,       // 300 - requested resource available elsewehere 
      MovedPermanently,            // 301 - resource moved permanently: location field has new URL
      MovedTemporarily,            // 302 - resource moved temporarily: location field has new URL
      SeeOther,                    // 303 - see other URL
      NotModified,                 // 304 - document has not been modified
      UseProxy,                    // 305 - proxy redirect
      BadRequest = 400,            // 400 - request malformed or not understood
      UnAuthorised,                // 401 - request requires authentication
      PaymentRequired,             // 402 - reserved 
      Forbidden,                   // 403 - request is refused due to unsufficient authorisation
      NotFound,                    // 404 - resource cannot be found
      MethodNotAllowed,            // 405 - not allowed on this resource
      NoneAcceptable,              // 406 - encoding not acceptable
      ProxyAuthenticationRequired, // 407 - must authenticate with proxy first
      RequestTimeout,              // 408 - server timeout on request
      Conflict,                    // 409 - resource conflict on action
      Gone,                        // 410 - resource gone away
      LengthRequired,              // 411 - no Content-Length
      UnlessTrue,                  // 412 - no Range header for TRUE Unless
      InternalServerError = 500,   // 500 - server has encountered an unexpected error
      NotImplemented,              // 501 - server does not implement request
      BadGateway,                  // 502 - error whilst acting as gateway
      ServiceUnavailable,          // 503 - server temporarily unable to service request
      GatewayTimeout               // 504 - timeout whilst talking to gateway
    };

    // Common MIME header tags
    static const char * AllowTag;
    static const char * AuthorizationTag;
    static const char * ContentEncodingTag;
    static const char * ContentLengthTag;
    static const char * ContentTypeTag;
    static const char * DateTag;
    static const char * ExpiresTag;
    static const char * FromTag;
    static const char * IfModifiedSinceTag;
    static const char * LastModifiedTag;
    static const char * LocationTag;
    static const char * PragmaTag;
    static const char * PragmaNoCacheTag;
    static const char * RefererTag;
    static const char * ServerTag;
    static const char * UserAgentTag;
    static const char * WWWAuthenticateTag;
    static const char * MIMEVersionTag;
    static const char * ConnectionTag;
    static const char * KeepAliveTag;
    static const char * ProxyConnectionTag;
    static const char * ProxyAuthorizationTag;
    static const char * ProxyAuthenticateTag;
    static const char * ForwardedTag;
    static const char * SetCookieTag;
    static const char * CookieTag;

  protected:
    /** Create a TCP/IP HTTP protocol channel.
     */
    PHTTP();

    /** Parse a response line string into a response code and any extra info
       on the line. Results are placed into the member variables
       <CODE>lastResponseCode</CODE> and <CODE>lastResponseInfo</CODE>.

       The default bahaviour looks for a space or a '-' and splits the code
       and info either side of that character, then returns FALSE.

       @return
       Position of continuation character in response, 0 if no continuation
       lines are possible.
     */
    virtual PINDEX ParseResponse(
      const PString & line // Input response line to be parsed
    );
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// PHTTPClient

/** A TCP/IP socket for the HyperText Transfer Protocol version 1.0.

   When acting as a client, the procedure is to make the connection to a
   remote server, then to retrieve a document using the following procedure: