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<HTML> <HEAD> <!--SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" SRC="http://a1835.g.akamai.net/f/1835/276/3h/www.netlibrary.com/include/js/dictionary_library.js"></SCRIPT> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript"> if (!opener){document.onkeyup=parent.turnBookPage;} </SCRIPT!--> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Cache-Control" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Pragma" CONTENT="no-cache"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="-1"><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><SCRIPT>var PrevPage="Page_111";var NextPage="Page_113";var CurPage="Page_112";var PageOrder="123";</SCRIPT> <TITLE>Document</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=100% CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER> <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH=100%> <TR> <TD ALIGN=LEFT><A HREF='Page_111.html'>Previous</A></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><A HREF='Page_113.html'>Next</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN=LEFT><P><A NAME='JUMPDEST_Page_112'/><A NAME='{3D4}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2 COLOR=#FF0000>Page 112</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3D5}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>6. The new population is:</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3D6}'/><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD HEIGHT=12></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH=525 CELLPADDING=5><TR><TD WIDTH=103 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2><B>String Number</B></FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2><B>String</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2><B>×</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2><B>Fitness</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=134 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2><B>% of Total</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH=103 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>1</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=2><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=2 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>01110</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>14</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>196</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=134 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=4><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=4 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>53.1%</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH=103 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>2</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=2><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=2 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>00100</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>16</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=134 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=4><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=4 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>4.3%</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH=103 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>3</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=2><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=2 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>00110</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>6</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>36</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=134 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=4><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=4 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>9.8%</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD WIDTH=103 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>4</FONT></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=2><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=2 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>01011</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>11</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=96 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=3><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>121</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD WIDTH=134 VALIGN=TOP><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 WIDTH='100%'><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5 WIDTH=4><IMG SRC='tab.gif' BORDER=0 WIDTH=4 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD ALIGN=RIGHT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>32.8%</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD COLSPAN=5 WIDTH=525 VALIGN=TOP><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=2>Average Fitness = 92.25</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><A NAME='{3D7}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>This process continues to iterate until an acceptable solution is arrived at.</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3D8}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=17></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3><B>Data Mining with Genetic Algorithms</B></FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3D9}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>Genetic algorithms work by evolving successive generations of solutions, which get progressively better by splitting and matching. As with nature, the idea is that only the fit survive. As such, GAs are optimization engines, which are currently being used in data mining applications to improve the performance of neural networks. Most data mining tools are designed for discovery, while genetic algorithms are really tools for optimization. However, when used in tandem a GA can be used to optimize the performance of a neural network in classification and prediction. Although not as common in today's data mining tools, genetic algorithms are beginning to make their way into the standard methodology of optimizing the performance of neural networks. Several data mining tools are incorporating both neural networks and genetic algorithms, using the GA to optimize the settings, the topography, and the learning rate of the neural network in order to improve their overall performance.</FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3DA}'/><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=12></TD> <TD ROWSPAN=5></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR><TD></TD> <TD><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3>Genetic algorithms can also be used in conjunction with rule generators to achieve higher performing prediction rules. The approach involves (as with most GAs) establishing a fitness function, in this case a classifier error rate. The genomes or chromosomes are the set of rules generated by a machine-learning algorithm. The idea is to focus on the generation of IF/THEN rules and then go through the recombination and mutation of these chromosomes (rules) in order to weed out the weakest ones so that the fit rules meet a minimum cluster size (accuracy rate). The process involves establishing classifier <I>committees,</I> which are sets of distinct classifiers whose predictions are averaged:</FONT><FONT FACE='Times New Roman, Times, Serif' SIZE=3 COLOR=#FFFF00><!-- break --></FONT></TD><TD></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3></TD></TR><TR> <TD COLSPAN=3 HEIGHT=1></TD></TR></TABLE><A NAME='{3DB}'/></FORM></P></TD></TR></TABLE><P><FONT SIZE=0 COLOR=WHITE></CENTER><A NAME="bottom"> </A><!-- netLibrary.com Copyright Notice --> </BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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