memory leak detection in embedded systems linux journal.htm

嵌入式系统下内存泄漏检查库函数mTrace以及测试代码,有详细使用文档.这个是将malloc和free 函数控制起来,检查内存.

<li>
<p>check-funcs (cfu): check functions (0x4000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>force-linear (fli): force heap-space to be linear (0x10000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>catch-signals (csi): shut down program on SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGTERM (0x20000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>realloc-copy (rco): copy all re-allocations (0x100000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>free-blank (fbl): overwrite freed memory space with BLANK_CHAR (0x200000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>error-abort (eab): abort immediately on error (0x400000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>alloc-blank (abl): overwrite newly alloced memory with BLANK_CHAR (0x800000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>heap-check-map (hcm): log heap-map on heap-check (0x1000000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>print-messages (pme): write messages to stderr (0x2000000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>catch-null (cnu): abort if no memory available (0x4000000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>never-reuse (nre): never reuse freed memory (0x8000000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>allow-free-null (afn): allow the frees of NULL pointers (0x20000000)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>error-dump (edu): dump core on error and then continue (0x40000000)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>If the library needs to check C++ programs, a source file named dmalloc.cc is needed with the application.
This module provides wrapper functions for new to malloc and delete to free. The GNU debugger GDB can be used
with dmalloc. A file is included with the product that can be used as part of a .gdbinit file so that GDB is
set up automatically to know about dmalloc.</p>
<p>Along with the library is a utility named dmalloc that will programmatically set up the DMALLOC_OPTIONS
variable. I've made a setup script that is sourced prior to running the program to be debugged. This way the
setup is repeatable without errors.</p>
<p>This article only covers the general use of the tool, but the documentation for it is extensive and
details more available features. The test program used with the earlier tools was run using DMALLOC. The
results can be lengthy and optionally include the bytes present at critical areas of memory such as the
``fence-top'', where a pointer overruns a malloc'd area. The end of the log file includes statistics,
addresses, block sizes and line numbers for occurrences of malloc without free.</p>
<p>The three tools provide varying support for memory leak detection and reporting. Each of these tools has
been used on a Linux workstation as well as cross-compiled and executed on several different target
architectures. In one application, developers used all three tools. <span class="bold"><b>mtrace</b></span>
was used to find a memory leak in a third-party C++ library where an exception throw/catch block caused a
major leak. The dmalloc tool was used to find memory leaks in the execution of Linux pthreaded applications.
The memwatch tool was used to catch a buffer pool mechanism that was not properly defragmenting itself. These
tools are small and easy to implement and remove when debugging is completed.</p>
<p>The example program consists of one source file, my_test.c. There are three separate directories that
contain a README, Makefile and a script to run the test [available at <a href=
"ftp://ftp.ssc.com/pub/lj/listings/issue101/6059.tgz" target=
"_top">ftp.ssc.com/pub/lj/listings/issue101/6059.tgz</a>]. In the dmalloc test, the environment setup script
is also available. Each of the tests has been built on Red Hat and SuSE Linux releases, as well as the
MontaVista Linux cross-development environments.</p>
<p><a href="/articles/lj/0101/6059/6059s1.html" target="_top">Resources</a></p>
<div class="mediaobject"><img src="/articles/lj/0101/6059/6059aa.png"></div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="blockquote">
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p><span class="bold"><b>Cal Erickson</b></span> (<a href="mailto:[e-mail]" target=
"_top">[e-mail]</a>) currently works for MontaVista Software as a senior Linux consultant.
Prior to joining MontaVista, he was a senior support engineer at Mentor Graphics Embedded Software Division.
Cal has been in the computing industry for over 30 years with experience at computer manufacturers and
end-user development environments.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p>email: <a href="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</a></p></div>
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