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                <TD width=64>作　　者</TD>
                <TD width=233>zhouman</TD>
                <TD width=63>阅读次数</TD>
                <TD width=85>376</TD>
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                <TD width=233>基础应用与新手入门&gt;&gt; IT英语</TD>
                <TD width=63>发表日期</TD>
                <TD width=85>2006-8-11</TD>
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    width=85>2006-9-22</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
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      <DIV class=userInfoBox>积分：230<BR>第一级</DIV>
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      <DIV class=TitleInfoBox align=right>发表时间：2006-8-11 16:12:55　　　楼主</DIV>
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      <DIV id=cont_right style="WIDTH: 495px">ARPAnet<BR><BR>A wide area network 
      (WAN) .A network that connected Department of Defense research sites 
      across America. Created in 1969 with funding from the Advanced Research 
      Projects Agency (ARPA) .Undergoing constant research and development in 
      the early-to mid-1970s,ARPAnet served as the test bed for the development 
      of TCP/IP( the protocols that make the Internet possible ).A Major goal of 
      the ARPAnet project was to increase the military's command and control 
      capability by enabling communication across a variety of physically 
      dissimilar media ,including satellites .An allied goal was to create a 
      robust network capable of withstanding outages ,such as those that might 
      result from a nuclear exchange .ARPAnet met these objectives ,but it also 
      surprised its creators :It was found in short order that most ARPAnet 
      users preferred to use the network for communication ,such as electronic 
      mail and discussion groups .Initially ,the ARPAnet was available only to 
      government research institutes and to universities holding Department of 
      Defense (DoD) research contracts .In 1983,ARPAnet was divided into a 
      high-security military network (Milnet )and an ARPAnet that was recast as 
      a research and development network .Although it formed the foundation of 
      the Internet ,it was decommissioned in 1990. 
      <BR><BR>ARPA网;阿帕网<BR><BR>ARPAnet系一种广域网(WAN),一种连接整个美国的国防部研究机构的网络。它是由美国高级研究规划署(ARPA)提供资金,于1969年创建的。ARPA网作为开发TCP/IP(一种使互连网成为可能的协议)的试验台,在70年代的早期到中期就进行了不断的研究和开发。ARPA网项目的主要目标是通过能够在各种实际不相似的媒介(包括卫星)上进行通信来提高军事指挥与控制的能力。一个相关联的目标是建立一种能够耐受故障(诸如那些可能由核交换导致的故障)的健壮网络。ARPA网满足了这些要求,但也令其创建者惊奇的是,立即就发现大多数ARPA网用户更愿意将该网用于通信,如电子邮件和讨论组。最初,ARPA网仅用于政府研究机构和持有国防部研究合同的大学。1983年,ARPA网被分成高安全性军事网(Milnet)和作为一个研究和开发网络而重建的ARPA网。尽管ARPA网构成了因特网的基础,但它最终于1990年退役。 
      <BR><BR></DIV></TD></TR>
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