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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2004 IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>chgrp</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="chgrp"></a> <a name="tag_04_17"></a><!-- chgrp --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2004 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_17_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>chgrp - change the file group ownership</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><p><code><tt>chgrp</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-hR</tt><b>]</b> <i>group file</i> <tt>...<br><br> chgrp -R</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-H | -L | -P</tt> <b>]</b> <i>group file</i> <tt>...<br></tt></code></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>chgrp</i> utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each <i>file</i> operand to the group ID specified by the<i>group</i> operand.</p><p>For each <i>file</i> operand, or, if the <b>-R</b> option is used, each file encountered while walking the directory treesspecified by the <i>file</i> operands, the <i>chgrp</i> utility shall perform actions equivalent to the <a href="../functions/chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a> function defined in the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,called with the following arguments:</p><ul><li><p>The <i>file</i> operand shall be used as the <i>path</i> argument.</p></li><li><p>The user ID of the file shall be used as the <i>owner</i> argument.</p></li><li><p>The specified group ID shall be used as the <i>group</i> argument.</p></li></ul><p>Unless <i>chgrp</i> is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular fileshall be cleared upon successful completion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of other file types may be cleared.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>chgrp</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported by the implementation:</p><dl compact><dt><b>-h</b></dt><dd>If the system supports group IDs for symbolic links, for each <i>file</i> operand that names a file of type symbolic link,<i>chgrp</i> shall attempt to set the group ID of the symbolic link instead of the file referenced by the symbolic link. If thesystem does not support group IDs for symbolic links, for each <i>file</i> operand that names a file of type symbolic link,<i>chgrp</i> shall do nothing more with the current file and shall go on to any remaining files.</dd><dt><b>-H</b></dt><dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is specified on the command line,<i>chgrp</i> shall change the group of the directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy belowit.</dd><dt><b>-L</b></dt><dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is specified on the command lineor encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group of the directory referenced by thesymbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.</dd><dt><b>-P</b></dt><dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link is specified on the command line or encountered during the traversalof a file hierarchy, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group ID of the symbolic link if the system supports this operation. The<i>chgrp</i> utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the file hierarchy.</dd><dt><b>-R</b></dt><dd>Recursively change file group IDs. For each <i>file</i> operand that names a directory, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group ofthe directory and all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, or <b>-P</b> option is specified, it isunspecified which of these options will be used as the default.</dd></dl><p>Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, and <b>-P</b> shall not be considered an error.The last option specified shall determine the behavior of the utility.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p>The following operands shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><i>group</i></dt><dd>A group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either specifies a group ID to be given to each file named by oneof the <i>file</i> operands. If a numeric <i>group</i> operand exists in the group database as a group name, the group ID numberassociated with that group name is used as the group ID.</dd><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>Not used.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>chgrp</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte asopposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd><dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standarderror.</dd><dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt><dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i> <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_10"></a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote><p>Not used.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_11"></a>STDERR</h4><blockquote><p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote><p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p><dl compact><dt> 0</dt><dd>The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.</dd><dt>>0</dt><dd>An error occurred.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_04_17_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may change the owner or group of a file.</p><p>Some implementations restrict the use of <i>chgrp</i> to a user with appropriate privileges when the <i>group</i> specified isnot the effective group ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some implementations used the exit status as a count of thenumber of errors that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it can overflow the range of valid exit status values. Thestandard developers chose to mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.</p><p>The functionality of <i>chgrp</i> is described substantially through references to <a href="../functions/chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a>. In this way, there is no duplication of effort required for describing theinteractions of permissions, multiple groups, and so on.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p><a href="chmod.html"><i>chmod</i>()</a>, <a href="chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a>, the System Interfaces volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../functions/chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a></p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 2.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_17_22"></a>Issue 6</h4><blockquote><p>New options <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, and <b>-P</b> are added to align with the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard. These optionsaffect the processing of symbolic links.</p><p>IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #172 is applied, changing the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS section to "Default.".</p><p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XCU/TC1/D6/15 is applied, changing the SYNOPSIS to make it clear that <b>-h</b>and <b>-R</b> are optional.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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