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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head><meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><!-- Generated by The Open Group's rhtm tool v1.2.1 --><!-- Copyright (c) 2001-2004 IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>fuser</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3"> <a name="fuser"></a> <a name="tag_04_58"></a><!-- fuser --> <!--header start--><center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6<br>IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition<br>Copyright © 2001-2004 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.</font></center><!--header end--><hr size="2" noshade><h4><a name="tag_04_58_01"></a>NAME</h4><blockquote>fuser - list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open</blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote class="synopsis"><div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0"> fuser</tt> <b>[</b> <tt>-cfu</tt> <b>]</b> <i>file</i> <tt>... <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility shall write to standard output the process IDs of processes running on the local system that have oneor more named files open. For block special devices, all processes using any file on that device are listed.</p><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility shall write to standard error additional information about the named files indicating how the file isbeing used.</p><p>Any output for processes running on remote systems that have a named file open is unspecified.</p><p>A user may need appropriate privilege to invoke the <i>fuser</i> utility.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap12.html#tag_12_02">Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines</a>.</p><p>The following options shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><b>-c</b></dt><dd>The file is treated as a mount point and the utility shall report on any files open in the file system.</dd><dt><b>-f</b></dt><dd>The report shall be only for the named files.</dd><dt><b>-u</b></dt><dd>The user name, in parentheses, associated with each process ID written to standard output shall be written to standarderror.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote><p>The following operand shall be supported:</p><dl compact><dt><i>file</i></dt><dd>A pathname on which the file or file system is to be reported.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_06"></a>STDIN</h4><blockquote><p>Not used.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>The user database.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote><p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>fuser</i>:</p><dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i></dt><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume ofIEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <a href="../basedefs/xbd_chap08.html#tag_08_02">Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables</a> forthe precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd><dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt><dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd><dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte asopposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd><dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standarderror.</dd><dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt><dd>Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of <i>LC_MESSAGES .</i></dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_10"></a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility shall write the process ID for each process using each file given as an operand to standard output inthe following format:</p><pre><tt>"%d", <</tt><i>process_id</i><tt>></tt></pre></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_11"></a>STDERR</h4><blockquote><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility shall write diagnostic messages to standard error.</p><p>The <i>fuser</i> utility also shall write the following to standard error:</p><ul><li><p>The pathname of each named file is written followed immediately by a colon.</p></li><li><p>For each process ID written to standard output, the character <tt>'c'</tt> shall be written to standard error if the process isusing the file as its current directory and the character <tt>'r'</tt> shall be written to standard error if the process is usingthe file as its root directory. Implementations may write other alphabetic characters to indicate other uses of files.</p></li><li><p>When the <b>-u</b> option is specified, characters indicating the use of the file shall be followed immediately by the username, in parentheses, corresponding to the process' real user ID. If the user name cannot be resolved from the process' real userID, the process' real user ID shall be written instead of the user name.</p></li></ul><p>When standard output and standard error are directed to the same file, the output shall be interleaved so that the filenameappears at the start of each line, followed by the process ID and characters indicating the use of the file. Then, if the <b>-u</b>option is specified, the user name or user ID for each process using that file shall be written.</p><p>A <newline> shall be written to standard error after the last output described above for each <i>file</i> operand.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote><p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p><dl compact><dt> 0</dt><dd>Successful completion.</dd><dt>>0</dt><dd>An error occurred.</dd></dl></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote><p>Default.</p></blockquote><hr><div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div><h4><a name="tag_04_58_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><p>The command:</p><pre><tt>fuser -fu .</tt></pre><p>writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the current directory and writes to standard error anindication of how those processes are using the directory and the user names associated with the processes that are using thecurrent directory.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4><blockquote><p>The definition of the <i>fuser</i> utility follows existing practice.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><p>None.</p></blockquote><h4><a name="tag_04_58_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4><blockquote><p>First released in Issue 5.</p></blockquote><div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div><hr size="2" noshade><center><font size="2"><!--footer start-->UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>POSIX ® is a registered Trademark of The IEEE.<br>[ <a href="../mindex.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../basedefs/contents.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../utilities/contents.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../functions/contents.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xrat/contents.html">XRAT</a>]</font></center><!--footer end--><hr size="2" noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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