bugzilla-guide.txt

bugzilla的安装文件

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2.5.2.1. Running MySQL as Non-Root

2.5.2.1.1. The Custom Configuration Method

   Create a file .my.cnf in your home directory (using /home/foo in this
   example) as follows....
[mysqld]
datadir=/home/foo/mymysql
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql]
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/home/foo/mymysql/the.log
pid-file=/home/foo/mymysql/the.pid
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2.5.2.1.2. The Custom Built Method

   You can install MySQL as a not-root, if you really need to. Build it with
   PREFIX set to /home/foo/mysql, or use pre-installed executables, specifying
   that you want to put all of the data files in /home/foo/mysql/data. If there
   is another MySQL server running on the system that you do not own, use the
   -P option to specify a TCP port that is not in use.
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2.5.2.1.3. Starting the Server

   After your mysqld program is built and any .my.cnf file is in place, you
   must initialize the databases (ONCE).
              bash$
              mysql_install_db

   Then start the daemon with
              bash$
              safe_mysql &

   After you start mysqld the first time, you then connect to it as "root" and
   GRANT permissions to other users. (Again, the MySQL root account has nothing
   to do with the *NIX root account.)

   Note You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your
   system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab
   entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if
      needed.

   Warning Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
   consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and
   running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on
      which you are a user!
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2.5.3. Perl

   On the extremely rare chance that you don't have Perl on the machine, you
   will have to build the sources yourself. The following commands should get
   your system installed with your own personal version of Perl:
        bash$
        wget http://perl.com/CPAN/src/stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        tar zvxf stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        cd perl-5.8.1 (or whatever the version of Perl is called)
        bash$
        sh Configure -de -Dprefix=/home/foo/perl
        bash$
        make && make test && make install

   Once you have Perl installed into a directory (probably in ~/perl/bin),
   you'll have to change the locations on the scripts, which is detailed later
   on this page.
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2.5.4. Perl Modules

   Installing the Perl modules as a non-root user is probably the hardest part
   of the process. There are two different methods: a completely independant
   Perl with its own modules, or personal modules using the current (root
   installed) version of Perl. The independant method takes up quite a bit of
   disk space, but is less complex, while the mixed method only uses as much
   space as the modules themselves, but takes more work to setup.
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2.5.4.1. The Independant Method

   The independant method requires that you install your own personal version
   of Perl, as detailed in the previous section. Once installed, you can start
   the CPAN shell with the following command:

            bash$
            /home/foo/perl/bin/perl -MCPAN -e 'shell'

   And then:

            cpan>
            install Bundle::Bugzilla

   With this method, module installation will usually go a lot smoother, but if
   you have any hang-ups, you can consult the next section.
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2.5.4.2. The Mixed Method

   First, you'll need to configure CPAN to install modules in your home
   directory. The CPAN FAQ says the following on this issue:

5)  I am not root, how can I install a module in a personal directory?

    You will most probably like something like this:

      o conf makepl_arg "LIB=~/myperl/lib \
                         INSTALLMAN1DIR=~/myperl/man/man1 \
                         INSTALLMAN3DIR=~/myperl/man/man3"
    install Sybase::Sybperl

    You can make this setting permanent like all "o conf" settings with "o conf
 commit".

    You will have to add ~/myperl/man to the MANPATH environment variable and a
lso tell your Perl programs to
    look into ~/myperl/lib, e.g. by including

      use lib "$ENV{HOME}/myperl/lib";

    or setting the PERL5LIB environment variable.

    Another thing you should bear in mind is that the UNINST parameter should n
ever be set if you are not root.

   So, you will need to create a Perl directory in your home directory, as well
   as the lib, man, man/man1, and man/man3 directories in that Perl directory.
   Set the MANPATH variable and PERL5LIB variable, so that the installation of
   the modules goes smoother. (Setting UNINST=0 in your "make install" options,
   on the CPAN first-time configuration, is also a good idea.)

   After that, go into the CPAN shell:

            bash$
            perl -MCPAN -e 'shell'

   From there, you will need to type in the above "o conf" command and commit
   the changes. Then you can run through the installation:

            cpan>
            install Bundle::Bugzilla

   Most of the module installation process should go smoothly. However, you may
   have some problems with Template. When you first start, you will want to try
   to install Template with the XS Stash options on. If this doesn't work, it
   may spit out C compiler error messages and croak back to the CPAN shell
   prompt. So, redo the install, and turn it off. (In fact, say no to all of
   the Template questions.) It may also start failing on a few of the tests. If
   the total tests passed is a reasonable figure (90+%), force the install with
   the following command:

            cpan>
            force install Template

   You may also want to install the other optional modules:
          cpan>
          install GD
          cpan>
          install Chart::Base
          cpan>
          install MIME::Parser
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2.5.5. HTTP Server

   Ideally, this also needs to be installed as root and run under a special
   webserver account. As long as the web server will allow the running of *.cgi
   files outside of a cgi-bin, and a way of denying web access to certain files
   (such as a .htaccess file), you should be good in this department.
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2.5.5.1. Running Apache as Non-Root

   You can run Apache as a non-root user, but the port will need to be set to
   one above 1024. If you type httpd -V, you will get a list of the variables
   that your system copy of httpd uses. One of those, namely HTTPD_ROOT, tells
   you where that installation looks for its config information.

   From there, you can copy the config files to your own home directory to
   start editing. When you edit those and then use the -d option to override
   the HTTPD_ROOT compiled into the web server, you get control of your own
   customized web server.

   Note You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your
   system administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab
   entry that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if
      needed.

   Warning Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first
   consulting your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and
   running one may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on
      which you are a user!
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2.5.6. Bugzilla

   If you had to install Perl modules as a non-root user (Section 2.5.4) or to
   non-standard directories, you will need to change the scripts, setting the
   correct location of the Perl modules:

perl -pi -e
        's@use strict\;@use strict\; use lib \"/home/foo/perl/lib\"\;@'
        *cgi *pl Bug.pm processmail syncshadowdb

   Change /home/foo/perl/lib to your personal Perl library directory. You can
   probably skip this step if you are using the independant method of Perl
   module installation.

   When you run ./checksetup.pl to create the localconfig file, it will list
   the Perl modules it finds. If one is missing, go back and double-check the
   module installation from the CPAN shell, then delete the localconfig file
   and try again.

   Warning The one option in localconfig you might have problems with is the
   web server group. If you can't successfully browse to the index.cgi (like a
   Forbidden error), you may have to relax your permissions, and blank out the
   web server group. Of course, this may pose as a security risk. Having a
   properly jailed shell and/or limited access to shell accounts may lessen the
      security risk, but use at your own risk.
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Chapter 3. Administering Bugzilla

3.1. Bugzilla Configuration

   Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed from the
   "Edit parameters" link in the page footer. Here are some of the key
   parameters on that page. You should run down this list and set them
   appropriately after installing Bugzilla.

   maintainer
          The maintainer parameter is the email address of the person
          responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla installation. The address
          need not be that of a valid Bugzilla account.

   urlbase
          This parameter defines the fully qualified domain name and web server
          path to your Bugzilla installation.

          For example, if your Bugzilla query page is
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi, set your "urlbase" to
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/.

   makeproductgroups
          This dictates whether or not to automatically create groups when new
          products are created.

   useentrygroupdefault
          Bugzilla products can have a group associated with them, so that
          certain users can only see bugs in certain products. When this
          parameter is set to "on", this causes the initial group controls on
          newly created products to place all newly-created bugs in the group
          having the same name as the product immediately. After a product is
          initially created, the group controls can be further adjusted without
          interference by this mechanism.

   shadowdb
          You run into an interesting problem when Bugzilla reaches a high
          level of continuous activity. MySQL supports only table-level write
          locking. What this means is that if someone needs to make a change to
          a bug, they will lock the entire table until the operation is
          complete. Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is
          complete. Note that more recent versions of mysql support row level
          locking using different table types. These types are slower than the
          standard type, and Bugzilla does not yet take advantage of features
          such as transactions which would justify this speed decrease. The
          Bugzilla team are, however, happy to hear about any experiences with
          row level locking and Bugzilla.

          The "shadowdb" parameter was designed to get around this limitation.
          While only a single user is allowed to write to a table at a time,
          reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the
          database. Although your database size will double, a shadow database
          can cause an enormous performance improvement when implemented on
          extremely high-traffic Bugzilla databases.

          As a guide, on reasonably old hardware, mozilla.org began needing
          "shadowdb" when they reached around 40,000 Bugzilla users with
          several hundred Bugzilla bug changes and comments per day.

          The value of the parameter defines the name of the shadow bug
          database. You will need to set the host and port settings from the
          params page, and set up replication in your database server so that
          updates reach this readonly mirror. Consult y