bugzilla-guide.txt

bugzilla的安装文件

   In outline, the installation proceeds as follows:
    1. Install Perl (5.6.0 or above for non-Windows platforms; 5.8.1 for
       Windows)
    2. Install MySQL (3.23.41 or above)
    3. Install a Webserver
    4. Install Bugzilla
    5. Install Perl modules
    6. Install a Mail Transfer Agent (Sendmail 8.7 or above, or an MTA that is
       Sendmail-compatible with at least this version)
    7. Configure all of the above.
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2.1.1. Perl

   Installed Version Test: perl -v

   Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed. If you
   don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.perl.com. Although Bugzilla runs with Perl 5.6.0, it's a good
   idea to be using the latest stable version. As of this writing, that is Perl
   5.8.3.
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2.1.2. MySQL

   Installed Version Test: mysql -V

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.mysql.com. You need MySQL version 3.23.41 or higher.

   Note Many of the binary versions of MySQL store their data files in /var. On
   some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition, and may not
   have room for your bug database. To change the data directory, you have to
      build MySQL from source yourself, and set it as an option to configure.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation system,
   such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe (Windows
   Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the MySQL server is
   started when the machine boots.
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2.1.3. Web Server

   Installed Version Test: view the default welcome page at
   http://<your-machine>/

   You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that is capable
   of running CGI scripts will work. However, we strongly recommend using the
   Apache web server (either 1.3.x or 2.x), and the installation instructions
   usually assume you are using it. If you have got Bugzilla working using
   another webserver, please share your experiences with us by filing a bug in
   Bugzilla Documentation.

   If you don't have Apache and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://httpd.apache.org/.
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2.1.4. Bugzilla

   Download a Bugzilla tarball (or check it out from CVS) and place it in a
   suitable directory, accessible by the default web server user (probably
   "apache" or "www"). Good locations are either directly in the main web space
   for your web server or perhaps in /usr/local with a symbolic link from the
   web space.

   Caution The default Bugzilla distribution is NOT designed to be placed in a
   cgi-bin directory. This includes any directory which is configured using the
      ScriptAlias directive of Apache.

   Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that directory
   writable by your webserver's user. This is a temporary step until you run
   the checksetup.pl script, which locks down your installation.
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2.1.5. Perl Modules

   Bugzilla's installation process is based on a script called checksetup.pl.
   The first thing it checks is whether you have appropriate versions of all
   the required Perl modules. The aim of this section is to pass this check.
   When it passes, do not run it again, but proceed to Section 2.2.

   At this point, you need to su to root. You should remain as root until the
   end of the install. Then run:
   bash# ./checksetup.pl

   checksetup.pl will print out a list of the required and optional Perl
   modules, together with the versions (if any) installed on your machine. The
   list of required modules is reasonably long; however, you may already have
   several of them installed.

   There is a meta-module called Bundle::Bugzilla, which installs all the other
   modules with a single command. You should use this if you are running Perl
   5.6.1 or above.

   The preferred way of installing Perl modules is via CPAN on Unix, or PPM on
   Windows (see Section 2.4.1.2). These instructions assume you are using CPAN;
   if for some reason you need to install the Perl modules manually, see
   Appendix D.
   bash# perl -MCPAN -e 'install "<modulename>"'

   If you using Bundle::Bugzilla, invoke the magic CPAN command on it.
   Otherwise, you need to work down the list of modules that checksetup.pl says
   are required, in the order given, invoking the command on each.

   Tip Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for them. Most
   times, the error messages complain that they are missing a file in "@INC".
   Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too
   restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the necessary
   Perl development libraries installed on your system. Consult your local UNIX
   systems administrator for help solving these permissions issues; if you are
   the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list for
      further assistance or hire someone to help you out.

   Note If you are using a package-based system, and attempting to install the
   Perl modules from CPAN, you may need to install the "development" packages
   for MySQL and GD before attempting to install the related Perl modules. The
   names of these packages will vary depending on the specific distribution you
      are using, but are often called <packagename>-devel.

   Here is a complete list of modules and their minimum versions. Some modules
   have special installation notes, which follow.

   Required Perl modules:

    1. AppConfig (1.52)
    2. CGI (2.93)
    3. Data::Dumper (any)
    4. Date::Format (2.21)
    5. DBI (1.36)
    6. DBD::mysql (2.1010)
    7. File::Spec (0.82)
    8. File::Temp (any)
    9. Template (2.08)
   10. Text::Wrap (2001.0131)

   Optional Perl modules:

    1. GD (1.20) for bug charting
    2. Chart::Base (1.0) for bug charting
    3. GD::Graph (any) for bug charting
    4. GD::Text::Align (any) for bug charting
    5. XML::Parser (any) for the XML interface
    6. PatchReader (0.9.4) for pretty HTML view of patches
    7. MIME::Parser (any) for the optional email interface
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2.1.5.1. DBD::mysql

   The installation process will ask you a few questions about the desired
   compilation target and your MySQL installation. For most of the questions
   the provided default will be adequate, but when asked if your desired target
   is the MySQL or mSQL packages, you should select the MySQL-related ones.
   Later you will be asked if you wish to provide backwards compatibility with
   the older MySQL packages; you should answer YES to this question. The
   default is NO.

   A host of 'localhost' should be fine. A testing user of 'test', with a null
   password, should have sufficient access to run tests on the 'test' database
   which MySQL creates upon installation.
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2.1.5.2. Template Toolkit (2.08)

   When you install Template Toolkit, you'll get asked various questions about
   features to enable. The defaults are fine, except that it is recommended you
   use the high speed XS Stash of the Template Toolkit, in order to achieve
   best performance.
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2.1.5.3. GD (1.20)

   The GD module is only required if you want graphical reports.

   Note The Perl GD module requires some other libraries that may or may not be
   installed on your system, including libpng and libgd. The full requirements
   are listed in the Perl GD module README. If compiling GD fails, it's
      probably because you're missing a required library.

   Tip The version of the GD module you need is very closely tied to the libgd
   version installed on your system. If you have a version 1.x of libgd the 2.x
      versions of the GD module won't work for you.
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2.1.5.4. Chart::Base (1.0)

   The Chart::Base module is only required if you want graphical reports. Note
   that earlier versions that 0.99c used GIFs, which are no longer supported by
   the latest versions of GD.
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2.1.5.5. GD::Graph (any)

   The GD::Graph module is only required if you want graphical reports.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.5.6. GD::Text::Align (any)

   The GD::Text::Align module is only required if you want graphical reports.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.5.7. XML::Parser (any)

   The XML::Parser module is only required if you want to import XML bugs using
   the importxml.pl script. This is required to use Bugzilla's "move bugs"
   feature; you may also want to use it for migrating from another bug
   database. XML::Parser requires that the expat library is already installed
   on your machine.
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2.1.5.8. MIME::Parser (any)

   The MIME::Parser module is only required if you want to use the email
   interface located in the contrib directory.
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2.1.5.9. PatchReader (0.9.4)

   The PatchReader module is only required if you want to use Patch Viewer, a
   Bugzilla feature to show code patches in your web browser in a more readable
   form.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.6. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

   Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its user
   authentication and for other tasks.

   On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will suffice.
   Sendmail, Postfix, qmail and Exim are examples of common MTAs. Sendmail is
   the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to configure, and therefore
   many people replace Sendmail with Postfix or Exim. They are drop-in
   replacements, so that Bugzilla will not distinguish between them.

   If you are using Sendmail, version 8.7 or higher is required. If you are
   using a Sendmail-compatible MTA, it must be congruent with at least version
   8.7 of Sendmail.

   Consult the manual for the specific MTA you choose for detailed installation
   instructions. Each of these programs will have their own configuration files
   where you must configure certain parameters to ensure that the mail is
   delivered properly. They are implemented as services, and you should ensure
   that the MTA is in the auto-start list of services for the machine.

   If a simple mail sent with the command-line 'mail' program succeeds, then
   Bugzilla should also be fine.
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2.2. Configuration

   Warning Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given
   attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take the security parts
   of these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind
   your firewall. Be certain to read Chapter 4 for some important security
      tips.
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2.2.1. localconfig

   Once you run checksetup.pl with all the correct modules installed, it
   displays a message about, and write out a file called, localconfig. This
   file contains the default settings for a number of Bugzilla parameters.

   Load this file in your editor. The only value you need to change is
   $db_pass, the password for the user you will create for your database. Pick
   a strong password (for simplicity, it should not contain single quote
   characters) and put it here.

   The other options in the localconfig file are documented by their
   accompanying comments. If you have a slightly non-standard MySQL setup, you
   may wish to change one or more of the other "$db_*" parameters.

   You may also wish to change the names of the priorities, severities,
   operating systems and platforms for your installation. However, you can
   always change these after installation has finished; if you then re-run
   checksetup.pl, the changes will get picked up.
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2.2.2. MySQL

   Caution MySQL's default configuration is very insecure. Section 4.2 has some
      good information for improving your installation's security.
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2.2.2.1. Allow large attachments

   By default, MySQL will only accept packets up to 64Kb in size. If you want
   to have attachments larger than this, you will need to modify your
   /etc/my.cnf as below.

   If you are using MySQL 4.0 or newer, enter:
  [mysqld]
  # Allow packets up to 1M
  max_allowed_packet=1M

   If you are using an older version of MySQL, enter:
  [mysqld]
  # Allow packets up to 1M
  set-variable = max_allowed_packet=1M