priorityqueue.java

SRI international 发布的OAA框架软件

/*
 * %W% %E%
 *
 * Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * An unbounded priority {@linkplain Queue queue} based on a priority
 * heap.  This queue orders elements according to an order specified
 * at construction time, which is specified either according to their
 * <i>natural order</i> (see {@link Comparable}), or according to a
 * {@link java.util.Comparator}, depending on which constructor is
 * used. A priority queue does not permit <tt>null</tt> elements.
 * A priority queue relying on natural ordering also does not
 * permit insertion of non-comparable objects (doing so may result
 * in <tt>ClassCastException</tt>).
 *
 * <p>The <em>head</em> of this queue is the <em>least</em> element
 * with respect to the specified ordering.  If multiple elements are
 * tied for least value, the head is one of those elements -- ties are
 * broken arbitrarily.  The queue retrieval operations <tt>poll</tt>,
 * <tt>remove</tt>, <tt>peek</tt>, and <tt>element</tt> access the
 * element at the head of the queue.
 *
 * <p>A priority queue is unbounded, but has an internal
 * <i>capacity</i> governing the size of an array used to store the
 * elements on the queue.  It is always at least as large as the queue
 * size.  As elements are added to a priority queue, its capacity
 * grows automatically.  The details of the growth policy are not
 * specified.
 *
 * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
 * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
 * Iterator} interfaces.
 * The
 * Iterator provided in method {@link #iterator()} is <em>not</em>
 * guaranteed to traverse the elements of the PriorityQueue in any
 * particular order. If you need ordered traversal, consider using
 * <tt>Arrays.sort(pq.toArray())</tt>.
 *
 * <p> <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
 * Multiple threads should not access a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>
 * instance concurrently if any of the threads modifies the list
 * structurally. Instead, use the thread-safe {@link
 * edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue} class.
 *
 *
 * <p>Implementation note: this implementation provides O(log(n)) time
 * for the insertion methods (<tt>offer</tt>, <tt>poll</tt>,
 * <tt>remove()</tt> and <tt>add</tt>) methods; linear time for the
 * <tt>remove(Object)</tt> and <tt>contains(Object)</tt> methods; and
 * constant time for the retrieval methods (<tt>peek</tt>,
 * <tt>element</tt>, and <tt>size</tt>).
 *
 * <p>This class is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 * @since 1.5
 * @version %I%, %G%
 * @author Josh Bloch
 */
public class PriorityQueue extends AbstractQueue
    implements java.io.Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7720805057305804111L;

    private static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 11;

    /**
     * Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two children
     * of queue[n] are queue[2*n] and queue[2*n + 1].  The priority queue is
     * ordered by comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering, if
     * comparator is null:  For each node n in the heap and each descendant d
     * of n, n <= d.
     *
     * The element with the lowest value is in queue[1], assuming the queue is
     * nonempty.  (A one-based array is used in preference to the traditional
     * zero-based array to simplify parent and child calculations.)
     *
     * queue.length must be >= 2, even if size == 0.
     */
    private transient Object[] queue;

    /**
     * The number of elements in the priority queue.
     */
    private int size = 0;

    /**
     * The comparator, or null if priority queue uses elements'
     * natural ordering.
     */
    private final Comparator comparator;

    /**
     * The number of times this priority queue has been
     * <i>structurally modified</i>.  See AbstractList for gory details.
     */
    private transient int modCount = 0;

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the default initial capacity
     * (11) that orders its elements according to their natural
     * ordering (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
     */
    public PriorityQueue() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
     * that orders its elements according to their natural ordering
     * (using <tt>Comparable</tt>).
     *
     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
     * than 1
     */
    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> with the specified initial capacity
     * that orders its elements according to the specified comparator.
     *
     * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity for this priority queue.
     * @param comparator the comparator used to order this priority queue.
     * If <tt>null</tt> then the order depends on the elements' natural
     * ordering.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>initialCapacity</tt> is less
     * than 1
     */
    public PriorityQueue(int initialCapacity,
                         Comparator comparator) {
        if (initialCapacity < 1)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
        this.comparator = comparator;
    }

    /**
     * Common code to initialize underlying queue array across
     * constructors below.
     */
    private void initializeArray(Collection c) {
        int sz = c.size();
        int initialCapacity = (int)Math.min((sz * 110L) / 100,
                                            Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
        if (initialCapacity < 1)
            initialCapacity = 1;

        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity + 1];
    }

    /**
     * Initially fill elements of the queue array under the
     * knowledge that it is sorted or is another PQ, in which
     * case we can just place the elements in the order presented.
     */
    private void fillFromSorted(Collection c) {
        for (Iterator i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
            queue[++size] = i.next();
    }

    /**
     * Initially fill elements of the queue array that is not to our knowledge
     * sorted, so we must rearrange the elements to guarantee the heap
     * invariant.
     */
    private void fillFromUnsorted(Collection c) {
        for (Iterator i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
            queue[++size] = i.next();
        heapify();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
     * if the collection is empty.  If the specified collection is an
     * instance of a {@link java.util.SortedSet} or is another
     * <tt>PriorityQueue</tt>, the priority queue will be sorted
     * according to the same comparator, or according to its elements'
     * natural order if the collection is sorted according to its
     * elements' natural order.  Otherwise, the priority queue is
     * ordered according to its elements' natural order.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
     *        into this priority queue.
     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
     *         queue's ordering.
     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
     * is <tt>null</tt>
     */
    public PriorityQueue(Collection c) {
        initializeArray(c);
        if (c instanceof SortedSet) {
            SortedSet s = (SortedSet)c;
            comparator = (Comparator)s.comparator();
            fillFromSorted(s);
        } else if (c instanceof PriorityQueue) {
            PriorityQueue s = (PriorityQueue) c;
            comparator = (Comparator)s.comparator();
            fillFromSorted(s);
        } else {
            comparator = null;
            fillFromUnsorted(c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
     *        into this priority queue.
     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
     *         queue's ordering.
     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
     * is <tt>null</tt>
     */
    public PriorityQueue(PriorityQueue c) {
        initializeArray(c);
        comparator = (Comparator)c.comparator();
        fillFromSorted(c);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a <tt>PriorityQueue</tt> containing the elements in the
     * specified collection.  The priority queue has an initial
     * capacity of 110% of the size of the specified collection or 1
     * if the collection is empty.  This priority queue will be sorted
     * according to the same comparator as the given collection, or
     * according to its elements' natural order if the collection is
     * sorted according to its elements' natural order.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed
     *        into this priority queue.
     * @throws ClassCastException if elements of the specified collection
     *         cannot be compared to one another according to the priority
     *         queue's ordering.
     * @throws NullPointerException if <tt>c</tt> or any element within it
     * is <tt>null</tt>
     */
    public PriorityQueue(SortedSet c) {
        initializeArray(c);
        comparator = (Comparator)c.comparator();
        fillFromSorted(c);
    }

    /**
     * Resize array, if necessary, to be able to hold given index
     */
    private void grow(int index) {
        int newlen = queue.length;
        if (index < newlen) // don't need to grow
            return;
        if (index == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        while (newlen <= index) {
            if (newlen >= Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2)  // avoid overflow
                newlen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            else
                newlen <<= 2;
        }
        Object[] newQueue = new Object[newlen];
        System.arraycopy(queue, 0, newQueue, 0, queue.length);
        queue = newQueue;
    }


    /**
     * Inserts the specified element into this priority queue.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt>
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
     * to the priority queue's ordering.
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
     */
    public boolean offer(Object o) {
        if (o == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        modCount++;
        ++size;

        // Grow backing store if necessary
        if (size >= queue.length)
            grow(size);

        queue[size] = o;
        fixUp(size);
        return true;
    }

    public Object peek() {
        if (size == 0)
            return null;
        return (Object) queue[1];
    }

    // Collection Methods - the first two override to update docs

    /**
     * Adds the specified element to this queue.
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as per the general contract of
     * <tt>Collection.add</tt>).
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is <tt>null</tt>.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified element cannot be compared
     * with elements currently in the priority queue according
     * to the priority queue's ordering.
     */