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📁 linux how_to 有365个文件, linux unix的一些基础性的东西
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</PRE>r-command如同telnet的同一方式设定。<PRE>  # rlogin gateway rules:  rlogin-gw:    denial-msg      /usr/local/etc/rlogin-deny.txt  rlogin-gw:    welcome-msg     /usr/local/etc/rlogin-welcome.txt  rlogin-gw:    help-msg        /usr/local/etc/rlogin-help.txt  rlogin-gw:    timeout 90  rlogin-gw:    permit-hosts 196.1.2.* -passok -xok  rlogin-gw:    permit-hosts * -auth -xok  # Only the Administrator can telnet directly to the Firewall via Port  netacl-rlogind: permit-hosts 196.1.2.202 -exec /usr/libexec/rlogind -a</PRE>任何人均不得直接进入防火墙,其中包括FTP,因此,不要把FTP伺服器放在防火墙上。再者,permit-hosts行允许保护网路内的任何人自由进入网际网路,其他人则必需表明身份。下文附上送到和收到的每份文档的记录(-log { retr stor })。FTP的timeout开关控制在多少时间後停止试接,以及在多少时间没有动作後,放弃试接。<PRE>  # ftp gateway rules:  ftp-gw:               denial-msg      /usr/local/etc/ftp-deny.txt  ftp-gw:               welcome-msg     /usr/local/etc/ftp-welcome.txt  ftp-gw:               help-msg        /usr/local/etc/ftp-help.txt  ftp-gw:               timeout 300  ftp-gw:               permit-hosts 196.1.2.* -log { retr stor }  ftp-gw:               permit-hosts * -authall -log { retr stor }</PRE>通过WWW、gopher和浏览器进行的ftp由http-gw控制。最上面的两行建立一个目录,用于储存经由防火墙的ftp和WWW文件。在本例中,这些文件属root所有,因此放在只有root能够进入的目录内。WWW的连接应该短暂。它控制使用者在连接不通时的等待时间。<PRE>  # www and gopher gateway rules:  http-gw:      userid          root  http-gw:      directory       /jail  http-gw:      timeout 90  http-gw:      default-httpd   www.afs.net  http-gw:      hosts           196.1.2.* -log { read write ftp }  http-gw:      deny-hosts      * </PRE>ssl-gw实际上是一个任何人都可通过的网关。应当当心设定。在本例中,任何保护网路中的用户,除127.0.0.* 和192.1.1.* 外,均可连接网路外的任何伺服器,并只能使用443至563 埠号。443至563埠号一般称为SSL埠号。<PRE>  # ssl gateway rules:  ssl-gw:   timeout 300  ssl-gw:   hosts           196.1.2.* -dest { !127.0.0.* !192.1.1.* *:443:563 }  ssl-gw:   deny-hosts      *</PRE>下面的例子说明如何利用plug-gw连接到新闻伺服器。在本例中,保护网路内的用户只允许连接到一个系统,即连接到它的新闻埠。第二行使新闻伺服器将其资料送到保护网路。对新闻伺服器的timeout时间设定应该比较长,因为多数用户大都联机阅读新闻。<PRE>   # NetNews Pluged gateway  plug-gw:        timeout 3600  plug-gw: port nntp 196.1.2.* -plug-to 199.5.175.22 -port nntp  plug-gw: port nntp 199.5.175.22 -plug-to 196.1.2.* -port nntp</PRE><P>Finger网关的设定至为简单。保护网路内的用户只要首先登录,就可使用防火墙上的finger程式。任何其他人就只收到一段message。<PRE>  # Enable finger service --------设定finger功能  netacl-fingerd: permit-hosts 196.1.2.* -exec /usr/libexec/fingerd  netacl-fingerd: permit-hosts * -exec /bin/cat /usr/local/etc/finger.txt</PRE>在这份HOWTO中,没有设定Mail和X-windows功能。如任何人有这方面的实例,请发email给我。<P><H3>inetd.conf的设置档</H3><P>下面附上/etc/inetd.conf的全部文档。所有不需要的功能都用#符号注销。在这份全部文档中显示取消了何种功能,以及显示如何设定新的防火墙功能。<PRE>   #echo stream  tcp  nowait  root               internal   #echo dgram   udp  wait    root       internal  #discard              stream  tcp  nowait  root       internal  #discard              dgram   udp  wait    root       internal  #daytime              stream  tcp  nowait  root       internal  #daytime              dgram   udp  wait    root       internal  #chargen              stream  tcp  nowait  root       internal  #chargen              dgram   udp  wait    root       internal  # FTP firewall gateway --------FTP防火墙网关  ftp-gw      stream  tcp  nowait.400  root  /usr/local/etc/ftp-gw  ftp-gw  # Telnet firewall gateway------Telnet防火墙网关  telnet        stream  tcp  nowait      root  /usr/local/etc/tn-gw /usr/local/etc/tn-gw  # local telnet services------用户的telnet功能  telnet-a    stream  tcp  nowait      root  /usr/local/etc/netacl in.telnetd  # Gopher firewall gateway------Gopher防火墙网关  gopher        stream  tcp  nowait.400  root  /usr/local/etc/http-gw /usr/local/etc/http-gw   # WWW firewall gateway------WWW防火墙网关  http  stream  tcp  nowait.400  root  /usr/local/etc/http-gw /usr/local/etc/http-gw   # SSL firewall gateway------SSL防火墙网关  ssl-gw  stream  tcp     nowait  root /usr/local/etc/ssl-gw   ssl-gw  # NetNews firewall proxy (using plug-gw)------NetNews防火墙代理伺服器(使用plug-gw)  nntp    stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/local/etc/plug-gw plug-gw nntp  #nntp stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.nntpd  # SMTP (email) firewall gateway------SMTP(email)防火墙网关  #smtp stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/local/etc/smap smap  #  # Shell, login, exec and talk are BSD protocols------ Shell, login, exec and talk均属BSD协议  #  #shell        stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.rshd  #login        stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.rlogind  #exec stream  tcp     nowait  root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.rexecd  #talk dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.talkd  #ntalk        dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.ntalkd  #dtalk        stream  tcp     waut    nobody  /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.dtalkd  #  # Pop and imap mail services et al------Pop和imap mail功能  #  #pop-2   stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/sbin/tcpd    ipop2d  #pop-3   stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/sbin/tcpd    ipop3d  #imap    stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/sbin/tcpd    imapd  #  # The Internet UUCP service------网际网路UUCP功能  #  #uucp    stream  tcp  nowait  uucp  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -l  #  # Tftp service is provided primarily for booting.  Most sites  # run this only on machines acting as &quot;boot servers.&quot; Do not uncomment  # this unless you *need* it.  ----- Tftp功能主要用于启动。一般只有作为&quot;boot伺服器&quot;时才需要tftp。因此,不要取消注销(#)符号。  #  #tftp dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.tftpd  #bootps       dgram   udp     wait    root    /usr/sbin/tcpd  bootpd  #  # Finger, systat and netstat give out user information which may be  # valuable to potential "system crackers."  Many sites choose to disable   # some or all of these services to improve security.------ Finger, systat and netstat会向骇客提供可贵的资料。许多网站取消一些或全部功能,以增安全。  #  # cfinger is for GNU finger, which is currently not in use in RHS Linux  # cfinger是GNU finger,目前在RHS Linux中并不使用。  #  finger        stream  tcp  nowait  root   /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.fingerd  #cfinger      stream  tcp  nowait  root   /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.cfingerd  #systat       stream  tcp  nowait  guest  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /bin/ps -auwwx  #netstat      stream  tcp  nowait  guest  /usr/sbin/tcpd  /bin/netstat -f inet  #  # Time service is used for clock syncronization.-----时间功能用于设定时间的同步。  #  #time stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.timed  #time dgram   udp  wait    root  /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.timed  #  # Authentication-----查验用户身份  #  auth          stream  tcp  wait    root  /usr/sbin/tcpd  in.identd -w -t120  authsrv       stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/local/etc/authsrv authsrv  #  # End of inetd.conf-----inetd.cong设置档结束</PRE><P><H3>/etc/services档</H3><P><P>当用户连接到防火墙时,会接到一个已知的埠(小于1024)。例如,telnet接到埠23。inetd deamon接到连接的动作,查看/etc/services上这些功能的名字。然後,它会启动/etc/inetd.conf档中这个名字所指定的程式。有时使用的功能并不在/etc/services档中。这些功能可指定到任何想指定的埠。例如,管理员的telnet埠(telnet-a)可设定到埠24,也可设定到埠2323,悉听尊便。如果管理员(指你本人)要直接连接到防火墙,则需telnet到埠24而非埠23。如按照下例设定netperm-table,则只能从保护的网路中的一个系统设定。<P><PRE>   telnet-a         24/tcp  ftp-gw          21/tcp           # this named changed  auth            113/tcp   ident    # User Verification  ssl-gw           443/tcp</PRE><P><P><HR><A HREF="Firewall-HOWTO-8.html">Next</A><A HREF="Firewall-HOWTO-6.html">Previous</A><A HREF="Firewall-HOWTO.html#toc7">Contents</A><!--atbhost.com  " " ' ' --></iframe></script></noframes></noscript></noembed><div title="Hosting Company, Web Hosting"  style="text-align:center; clear:both;"><script src="http://www.atbhost.com/ads.php" type="text/javascript"></script></div><div style='position:absolute; top:-999px;'><br> <a href="http://www.cigaretteson.com" title="Cigarettes">Cigarettes</a><br> <a href="http://www.steroids-shop.net">STEROIDS</a><br> <a href="http://www.steroids-shop.net/buyclenbuterol.html" title="CLENBUTEROL">CLENBUTEROL</a><br> <a href="http://www.atbhost.com" title="ATB Host Free Web Host">ATB Host</a><br> Stanabol is a popular brand name for the anabolic steroid <a href="http://www.steroids-shop.net/buystanabol10mgstanozolol.html" title="stanozolol">stanozolol </a></div><!--/atbhost.com--></BODY></HTML>

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