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📄 __init__.py

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    pointer.set_type(cls)
    _pointer_type_cache[cls] = pointer
    del _pointer_type_cache[id(pointer)]


def pointer(inst):
    return POINTER(type(inst))(inst)

# XXX Deprecated
def ARRAY(typ, len):
    return typ * len

################################################################


class CDLL(object):
    """An instance of this class represents a loaded dll/shared
    library, exporting functions using the standard C calling
    convention (named 'cdecl' on Windows).

    The exported functions can be accessed as attributes, or by
    indexing with the function name.  Examples:

    <obj>.qsort -> callable object
    <obj>['qsort'] -> callable object

    Calling the functions releases the Python GIL during the call and
    reaquires it afterwards.
    """
    class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL
        _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

    def __init__(self, name, mode=RTLD_LOCAL, handle=None):
        self._name = name
        if handle is None:
            self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
        else:
            self._handle = handle

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s '%s', handle %x at %x>" % \
               (self.__class__.__name__, self._name,
                (self._handle & (_sys.maxint*2 + 1)),
                id(self))

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'):
            raise AttributeError, name
        return self.__getitem__(name)

    def __getitem__(self, name_or_ordinal):
        func = self._FuncPtr((name_or_ordinal, self))
        if not isinstance(name_or_ordinal, (int, long)):
            func.__name__ = name_or_ordinal
            setattr(self, name_or_ordinal, func)
        return func

class PyDLL(CDLL):
    """This class represents the Python library itself.  It allows to
    access Python API functions.  The GIL is not released, and
    Python exceptions are handled correctly.
    """
    class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL | _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI
        _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):

    class WinDLL(CDLL):
        """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the
        Windows stdcall calling convention.
        """
        class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
            _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
            _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

    # XXX Hm, what about HRESULT as normal parameter?
    # Mustn't it derive from c_long then?
    from _ctypes import _check_HRESULT, _SimpleCData
    class HRESULT(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "l"
        # _check_retval_ is called with the function's result when it
        # is used as restype.  It checks for the FAILED bit, and
        # raises a WindowsError if it is set.
        #
        # The _check_retval_ method is implemented in C, so that the
        # method definition itself is not included in the traceback
        # when it raises an error - that is what we want (and Python
        # doesn't have a way to raise an exception in the caller's
        # frame).
        _check_retval_ = _check_HRESULT

    class OleDLL(CDLL):
        """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the
        Windows stdcall calling convention, and returning HRESULT.
        HRESULT error values are automatically raised as WindowsError
        exceptions.
        """
        class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
            _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
            _restype_ = HRESULT

class LibraryLoader(object):
    def __init__(self, dlltype):
        self._dlltype = dlltype

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name[0] == '_':
            raise AttributeError(name)
        dll = self._dlltype(name)
        setattr(self, name, dll)
        return dll

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return getattr(self, name)

    def LoadLibrary(self, name):
        return self._dlltype(name)

cdll = LibraryLoader(CDLL)
pydll = LibraryLoader(PyDLL)

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    pythonapi = PyDLL("python dll", None, _sys.dllhandle)
elif _sys.platform == "cygwin":
    pythonapi = PyDLL("libpython%d.%d.dll" % _sys.version_info[:2])
else:
    pythonapi = PyDLL(None)


if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    windll = LibraryLoader(WinDLL)
    oledll = LibraryLoader(OleDLL)

    if _os.name == "nt":
        GetLastError = windll.kernel32.GetLastError
    else:
        GetLastError = windll.coredll.GetLastError

    def WinError(code=None, descr=None):
        if code is None:
            code = GetLastError()
        if descr is None:
            descr = FormatError(code).strip()
        return WindowsError(code, descr)

_pointer_type_cache[None] = c_void_p

if sizeof(c_uint) == sizeof(c_void_p):
    c_size_t = c_uint
elif sizeof(c_ulong) == sizeof(c_void_p):
    c_size_t = c_ulong

# functions

from _ctypes import _memmove_addr, _memset_addr, _string_at_addr, _cast_addr

## void *memmove(void *, const void *, size_t);
memmove = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_void_p, c_size_t)(_memmove_addr)

## void *memset(void *, int, size_t)
memset = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int, c_size_t)(_memset_addr)

def PYFUNCTYPE(restype, *argtypes):
    class CFunctionType(_CFuncPtr):
        _argtypes_ = argtypes
        _restype_ = restype
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL | _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI
    return CFunctionType
_cast = PYFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, py_object)(_cast_addr)

def cast(obj, typ):
    result = _cast(obj, typ)
    result.__keepref = obj
    return result

_string_at = CFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_string_at_addr)
def string_at(ptr, size=0):
    """string_at(addr[, size]) -> string

    Return the string at addr."""
    return _string_at(ptr, size)

try:
    from _ctypes import _wstring_at_addr
except ImportError:
    pass
else:
    _wstring_at = CFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_wstring_at_addr)
    def wstring_at(ptr, size=0):
        """wstring_at(addr[, size]) -> string

        Return the string at addr."""
        return _wstring_at(ptr, size)


if _os.name == "nt": # COM stuff
    def DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv):
        # First ask ctypes.com.server than comtypes.server for the
        # class object.

        # trick py2exe by doing dynamic imports
        result = -2147221231 # CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE
        try:
            ctcom = __import__("ctypes.com.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            result = ctcom.DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv)

        if result == -2147221231: # CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE
            try:
                ccom = __import__("comtypes.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
            except ImportError:
                pass
            else:
                result = ccom.DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv)

        return result

    def DllCanUnloadNow():
        # First ask ctypes.com.server than comtypes.server if we can unload or not.
        # trick py2exe by doing dynamic imports
        result = 0 # S_OK
        try:
            ctcom = __import__("ctypes.com.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            result = ctcom.DllCanUnloadNow()
            if result != 0: # != S_OK
                return result

        try:
            ccom = __import__("comtypes.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            return result
        try:
            return ccom.DllCanUnloadNow()
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        return result

from ctypes._endian import BigEndianStructure, LittleEndianStructure

# Fill in specifically-sized types
c_int8 = c_byte
c_uint8 = c_ubyte
for kind in [c_short, c_int, c_long, c_longlong]:
    if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_int16 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_int32 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_int64 = kind
for kind in [c_ushort, c_uint, c_ulong, c_ulonglong]:
    if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_uint16 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_uint32 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_uint64 = kind
del(kind)

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