avrdude.texi

AVR的USB文件

%% -*-texinfo-*-
\input texinfo

@c $Id: avrdude.texi,v 1.7 2003/03/11 00:00:30 arcanum Exp $

@setfilename avrdude.info
@settitle AVRDUDE

@include version.texi

@c
@c These are set in version.texi which is automatically generated by automake.
@c
@c @set UPDATED 26 Febuary 2003
@c @set EDITION 3.2.0
@c @set VERSION 3.2.0

@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of
@c manuals to an info tree.
@dircategory AVR Programming & development tools.
@direntry
* AvrDude: (avrdude).            AVR program downloader/uploader.
@end direntry

@ifinfo
This file documents the avrdude program.

For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.

Copyright @copyright{} 2003 Brian Dean

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

@ignore
Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).

@end ignore
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title AVRDUDE
@subtitle A program for download/uploading AVR microcontroller flash and eeprom.
@subtitle For AVRDUDE, Version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.
@author by Brian S. Dean

@page
@hfill (Send bugs and comments on AVRDUDE to @w{@email{avrdude-dev@@nongnu.org}}.)

@vfill

Copyright @copyright{} 2003 Brian S. Dean
@sp 2

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
by the Free Software Foundation.
@end titlepage

@contents

@c
@c Top Node
@c
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up

@ifinfo
This file documents the avrdude program for downloading/uploading
programs to Atmel AVR microcontrollers.

For avrdude version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.
@end ifinfo

@menu
* Introduction::                
* Command Line Options::        
* Terminal Mode Operation::     
* Configuration File::          
* Platform Dependent Information::  
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Introduction, Command Line Options, Top, Top
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@chapter Introduction
@cindex introduction

AVRDUDE - AVR Downloader Uploader - is a program for downloading and
uploading the on-chip memories of Atmel's AVR microcontrollers. It can
program the Flash and EEPROM, and where supported by the serial
programming protocol, it can program fuse and lock bits. AVRDUDE also
supplies a direct instruction mode allowing one to issue any programming
instruction to the AVR chip regardless of whether AVRDUDE implements
that specific feature of a particular chip.

AVRDUDE can be used effectively via the command line to read or write
all chip memory types (eeprom, flash, fuse bits, lock bits, signature
bytes) or via an interactive (terminal) mode. Using AVRDUDE from the
command line works well for programming the entire memory of the chip
from the contents of a file, while interactive mode is useful for
exploring memory contents, modifing individual bytes of eeprom,
programming fuse/lock bits, etc.

AVRDUDE supports two basic programmer types: Atmel's STK500 and the PPI
(parallel port interface). PPI represents a class of simple programmers
where the programming lines are directly connected to the PC parallel
port, while the STK500 uses the serial port to communicate with the PC
and contains on-board logic to control the programming of the target
device. Several pin configurations exist for several variations of the
PPI programmers, and AVRDUDE can be be configured to work with them by
either specifying the appropriate programmer on the command line or by
creating a new entry in its configuration file. All that's usually
required for a new entry is to tell AVRDUDE which pins to use for each
programming function.

@menu
* History::                     
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node History,  , Introduction, Introduction
@section History

AVRDUDE was written by Brian S. Dean under the name of AVRPROG to run on
the FreeBSD Operating System.  Brian renamed the software to be called
AVRDUDE when interest grew in a Windows port of the software so that the
name did not conflict with AVRPROG.EXE which is the name of Atmel's
Windows programming software.

The AVRDUDE source now resides in the public CVS repository on
savannah.gnu.org (@url{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/avrdude/}),
where it continues to be enhanced and ported to other systems.  In
addition to FreeBSD, AVRDUDE now runs on Linux and Windows.  The
developers behind the porting effort primarily were Ted Roth, Eric
Weddington, and Joerg Wunsch.

And in the spirit of many open source projects, this manual also draws
on the work of others.  The initial revision was composed of parts of
the original Unix manual page written by Joerg Wunsch, the original web
site documentation by Brian Dean, and from the comments describing the
fields in the AVRDUDE configuration file by Brian Dean.  The texi
formatting was modeled after that of the Simulavr documentation by Ted
Roth.


@c
@c Node
@c
@node Command Line Options, Terminal Mode Operation, Introduction, Top
@chapter Command Line Options
@cindex options

@menu
* Option Descriptions::         
* Example Command Line Invocations::  
@end menu

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Option Descriptions, Example Command Line Invocations, Command Line Options, Command Line Options
@section Option Descriptions

@noindent
AVRDUDE is a command line tool, used as follows:

@example
avrdude -p partno @var{options} @dots{}
@end example

@noindent
Command line options are used to control AVRDUDE's behaviour.  The
following options are recognized:

@table @code
@item -p @var{partno}
This is the only mandatory option and it tells AVRDUDE what type of part
(MCU) that is connected to the programmer.  The @var{partno} parameter
is the part's id listed in the configuration file.  Specify -p ? to list 
all parts in the configuration file.  If a part is unknown
to AVRDUDE, it means that there is no config file entry for that part,
but it can be added to the configuration file if you have the Atmel
datasheet so that you can enter the programming specifications.
Currently, the following MCU types are understood:

@table @code
@itemx t15
ATtiny15

@itemx 1200
AT90S1200

@itemx 2313
AT90S2313

@itemx 2333
AT90S2333

@itemx 2343
AT90S2343 (*)

@itemx 4414
AT90S4414

@itemx 4433
AT90S4433

@itemx 4434
AT90S4434

@itemx 8515
AT90S8515

@itemx 8535
AT90S8535

@itemx m163
ATMEGA163

@itemx m169
ATMEGA169

@itemx m128
ATMEGA128

@itemx m103
ATMEGA103

@itemx m16
ATMEGA16

@itemx m8
ATMEGA8

@end table

(*)   The AT90S2323 uses the same algorithm.

@item -c @var{programmer-id}
Specify the programmer to be used.  AVRDUDE knows about several common
programmers.  Use this option to specify which one to use.  The
@var{programmer-id} parameter is the programmer's id listed in the
configuration file.  Specify -c ? to list all programmers in the 
configuration file.  If you have a programmer that is unknown to
AVRDUDE, and the programmer is controlled via the PC parallel port,
there's a good chance that it can be easily added to the configuration
file without any code changes to AVRDUDE.  Simply copy an existing entry
and change the pin definitions to match that of the unknown programmer.

@item -C @var{config-file}
Use the specified config file for configuration data.  This file
contains all programmer and part definitions that AVRDUDE knows about.
If you have a programmer or part that AVRDUDE does not know about, you
can add it to the config file (be sure and submit a patch back to the
author so that it can be incorporated for the next version).  If not
specified, AVRDUDE reads the configuration file from
/usr/local/etc/avrdude.conf (FreeBSD and Linux). See Appendix A for
the method of searching for the configuration file for Windows.

@item -e
Causes a chip erase to be executed.  This will reset the contents of the
flash ROM and EEPROM to the value `0xff', and is basically a
prerequisite command before the flash ROM can be reprogrammed again.
The only exception would be if the new contents would exclusively cause
bits to be pro- grammed from the value `1' to `0'.  Note that in order
to reprogram EERPOM cells, no explicit prior chip erase is required
since the MCU provides an auto-erase cycle in that case before
programming the cell.


@item -E @var{exitspec}[,@dots{}]
By default, AVRDUDE leaves the parallel port in the same state at exit
as it has been found at startup.  This option modifies the state of the
`/RESET' and `Vcc' lines the par- allel port is left at, according to
the exitspec arguments provided, as follows:

@table @code
@itemx reset
The `/RESET' signal will be left activated at pro- gram exit, that is it
will be held low, in order to keep the MCU in reset state afterwards.
Note in particular that the programming algorithm for the AT90S1200
device mandates that the `/RESET' signal is active before powering up
the MCU, so in case an external power supply is used for this MCU type,
a previous invocation of AVRDUDE with this option specified is one of
the possible ways to guarantee this condition.

@itemx noreset
The `/RESET' line will be deactivated at program exit, thus allowing the
MCU target program to run while the programming hardware remains
connected.

@itemx vcc 
This option will leave those parallel port pins active (i. e. high) that
can be used to supply `Vcc' power to the MCU.

@itemx novcc
This option will pull the `Vcc' pins of the paral- lel port down at
program exit.

@end table

Multiple @var{exitspec} arguments can be separated with commas.



@item -f @var{format}
This option specifies the file format for the input or out- put files to
be processed.  Format can be one of:

@table @code
@itemx i
Intel Hex

@itemx s
Motorola S-record

@itemx r
raw binary; little-endian byte order, in the case of the flash ROM data

@itemx a
auto detect; valid for input only, and only if the input is not provided
at stdin.

@end table

The default is to use auto detection for input files, and raw binary
format for output files.

@item -F
Normally, AVRDUDE tries to verify that the device signature read from
the part is reasonable before continuing.  Since it can happen from time
to time that a device has a broken (erased or overwritten) device
signature but is otherwise operating normally, this options is provided
to override the check.

@item -i @var{filename}
Specifies the input file to be programmed into the MCU.  Can be
specified as `-' to use stdin as the input.

@item -m @var{memtype}
Specifies which program area of the MCU to read or write; allowable
values depend on the MCU being programmed, but most support at least
@code{eeprom} for the EEPROM, and @code{flash} for the flash ROM.  Use
the @option{-v} option on the command line or the @code{part} command from
terminal mode to display all the memory types supported by a particular
device.  The default is @code{flash}.

@item -n
No-write - disables actually writing data to the MCU (useful for
debugging AVRDUDE).

@item -o @var{filename}
Specifies the name of the output file to write, and causes the
respective memory area to be read from the MCU.  Can be specified as `-'
to write to stdout.

@item -P @var{port}
Use port to identify the device to which the programmer is attached.  By
default the @code{/dev/ppi0} port is used, but if the programmer type
normally connects to the serial port, the @code{/dev/cuaa0} port is the
default.  If you need to use a different parallel or serial port, use
this option to spec- ify the alternate port name.

@item -t
Tells AVRDUDE to enter the interactive ``terminal'' mode instead of up-
or downloading files.  See below for a detailed description of the
terminal mode.

@item -v
Enable verbose output.

@item -V
Disable automatic verify check when uploading data.

@item -y
Tells AVRDUDE to use the last four bytes of the connected parts' EEPROM
memory to track the number of times the device has been erased.  When
this option is used and the @option{-e} flag is specified to generate a
chip erase, the previous counter will be saved before the chip erase, it
is then incremented, and written back after the erase cycle com- pletes.
Presumably, the device would only be erased just before being
programmed, and thus, this can be utilized to give an indication of how
many erase-rewrite cycles the part has undergone.  Since the FLASH
memory can only endure a finite number of erase-rewrite cycles, one can
use this option to track when a part is nearing the limit.  The typ-
ical limit for Atmel AVR FLASH is 1000 cycles.  Of course, if the
application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM mem- ory, this option
should not be used.

@item -Y @var{cycles}
Instructs AVRDUDE to initialize the erase-rewrite cycle counter residing
at the last four bytes of EEPROM memory to the specified value.  If the
application needs the last four bytes of EEPROM memory, this option
should not be used.

@end table

@c
@c Node
@c
@node Example Command Line Invocations,  , Option Descriptions, Command Line Options
@section Example Command Line Invocations

@noindent
Download the file @code{m128diag.hex} to the ATmega128 chip using the
STK500 programmer connected to the default serial port:

@example
@cartouche
% avrdude -p m128 -c stk500 -y -e -i m128diag.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9702