core.html.en

Apache2.2.4 with OpenSSL 0.9.8e 提供HTTP及HTTPS服务。 带QuickUsage

<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Core</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>core</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>There will be times when the server is asked to provide a
    document whose type cannot be determined by its <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#mime-type" title="see glossary">MIME types</a> mappings.</p>

    <p>The server must inform the client of the content-type of the
    document, so in the event of an unknown type it uses the
    <code>DefaultType</code>. For example:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      DefaultType image/gif
    </code></p></div>

    <p>would be appropriate for a directory which contained many GIF
    images with filenames missing the <code>.gif</code> extension.</p>

    <p>Note that unlike <code class="directive"><a href="#forcetype">ForceType</a></code>, this directive only
    provides the default mime-type. All other mime-type definitions,
    including filename extensions, that might identify the media type
    will override this default.</p>

</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Directory" id="Directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a> <a name="directory" id="directory">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enclose a group of directives that apply only to the
named file-system directory and sub-directories</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>&lt;Directory <var>directory-path</var>&gt;
... &lt;/Directory&gt;</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Core</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>core</td></tr>
</table>
    <p><code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code> and
    <code>&lt;/Directory&gt;</code> are used to enclose a group of
    directives that will apply only to the named directory and
    sub-directories of that directory. Any directive that is allowed
    in a directory context may be used. <var>Directory-path</var> is
    either the full path to a directory, or a wild-card string using
    Unix shell-style matching. In a wild-card string, <code>?</code> matches
    any single character, and <code>*</code> matches any sequences of
    characters. You may also use <code>[]</code> character ranges. None
    of the wildcards match a `/' character, so <code>&lt;Directory
    /*/public_html&gt;</code> will not match
    <code>/home/user/public_html</code>, but <code>&lt;Directory
    /home/*/public_html&gt;</code> will match. Example:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory /usr/local/httpd/htdocs&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <div class="note">
      <p>Be careful with the <var>directory-path</var> arguments:
      They have to literally match the filesystem path which Apache uses
      to access the files. Directives applied to a particular
      <code>&lt;Directory&gt;</code> will not apply to files accessed from
      that same directory via a different path, such as via different symbolic
      links.</p>
    </div>

    <p><a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">Regular
    expressions</a> can also be used, with the addition of the
    <code>~</code> character. For example:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory ~ "^/www/.*/[0-9]{3}"&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>would match directories in <code>/www/</code> that consisted of
    three numbers.</p>

    <p>If multiple (non-regular expression) <code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code> sections
    match the directory (or one of its parents) containing a document,
    then the directives are applied in the order of shortest match
    first, interspersed with the directives from the <a href="#accessfilename">.htaccess</a> files. For example,
    with</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        AllowOverride None<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;<br />
      <br />
      &lt;Directory /home/&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        AllowOverride FileInfo<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>for access to the document <code>/home/web/dir/doc.html</code>
    the steps are:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride None</code>
      (disabling <code>.htaccess</code> files).</li>

      <li>Apply directive <code>AllowOverride FileInfo</code> (for
      directory <code>/home</code>).</li>

      <li>Apply any <code>FileInfo</code> directives in
      <code>/home/.htaccess</code>, <code>/home/web/.htaccess</code> and
      <code>/home/web/dir/.htaccess</code> in that order.</li>
    </ul>

    <p>Regular expressions are not considered until after all of the
    normal sections have been applied. Then all of the regular
    expressions are tested in the order they appeared in the
    configuration file. For example, with</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory ~ abc$&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        # ... directives here ...<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>the regular expression section won't be considered until after
    all normal <code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code>s and
    <code>.htaccess</code> files have been applied. Then the regular
    expression will match on <code>/home/abc/public_html/abc</code> and
    the corresponding <code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code> will
    be applied.</p>

   <p><strong>Note that the default Apache access for
    <code>&lt;Directory /&gt;</code> is <code>Allow from All</code>.
    This means that Apache will serve any file mapped from an URL. It is
    recommended that you change this with a block such
    as</strong></p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;Directory /&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        Order Deny,Allow<br />
        Deny from All<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p><strong>and then override this for directories you
    <em>want</em> accessible. See the <a href="../misc/security_tips.html">Security Tips</a> page for more
    details.</strong></p>

    <p>The directory sections occur in the <code>httpd.conf</code> file.
    <code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code> directives
    cannot nest, and cannot appear in a <code class="directive"><a href="#limit">&lt;Limit&gt;</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="#limitexcept">&lt;LimitExcept&gt;</a></code> section.</p>

<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../sections.html">How &lt;Directory&gt;,
    &lt;Location&gt; and &lt;Files&gt; sections work</a> for an
    explanation of how these different sections are combined when a
    request is received</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="DirectoryMatch" id="DirectoryMatch">&lt;DirectoryMatch&gt;</a> <a name="directorymatch" id="directorymatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enclose directives that apply to
file-system directories matching a regular expression and their
subdirectories</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>&lt;DirectoryMatch <var>regex</var>&gt;
... &lt;/DirectoryMatch&gt;</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Core</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>core</td></tr>
</table>
    <p><code class="directive">&lt;DirectoryMatch&gt;</code> and
    <code>&lt;/DirectoryMatch&gt;</code> are used to enclose a group
    of directives which will apply only to the named directory and
    sub-directories of that directory, the same as <code class="directive"><a href="#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>. However, it
    takes as an argument a <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular 
    expression</a>. For example:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      &lt;DirectoryMatch "^/www/(.+/)?[0-9]{3}"&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>would match directories in <code>/www/</code> that consisted of three
    numbers.</p>

<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code> for
a description of how regular expressions are mixed in with normal
<code class="directive">&lt;Directory&gt;</code>s</li>
<li><a href="../sections.html">How &lt;Directory&gt;, &lt;Location&gt; and
&lt;Files&gt; sections work</a> for an explanation of how these different
sections are combined when a request is received</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="DocumentRoot" id="DocumentRoot">DocumentRoot</a> <a name="documentroot" id="documentroot">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory that forms the main document tree visible
from the web</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>DocumentRoot <var>directory-path</var></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Core</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>core</td></tr>
</table>
    <p>This directive sets the directory from which <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
    will serve files. Unless matched by a directive like <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code>, the server appends the
    path from the requested URL to the document root to make the
    path to the document. Example:</p>