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6;通解,如果有初始条&=
#20214;,则求出特解。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.0=
pt'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>例</span><span lang=3DEN-US>1</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>:求解微分方程=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id=3D"_x0000_t75" coordsi=
ze=3D"21600,21600"
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stroked=3D"f">
<v:stroke joinstyle=3D"miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn=3D"if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn=3D"sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok=3D"f" gradientshapeok=3D"t" o:connecttype=3D"rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext=3D"edit" aspectratio=3D"t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id=3D"_x0000_i1025" type=3D"#_x0000_t75" style=3D'wi=
dth:54.75pt;
height:33pt' o:ole=3D"">
<v:imagedata src=3D"sy15.files/image001.wmz" o:title=3D""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D73 height=3D44
src=3D"sy15.files/image002.gif" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></sub><=
!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type=3D"Embed" ProgID=3D"Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID=3D"_x0000_i1=
025"
DrawAspect=3D"Content" ObjectID=3D"_1237614469">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的</span><=
span
lang=3DEN-US>MATLAB</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>程序=
为:</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>dsolve</span></span><span lang=3DEN-US>('=
<span
class=3DSpellE>Dy</span>=3D1/(<span class=3DSpellE>x+y</span>)','x')</span>=
<span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>,注意,系统缺=
省的自变量为</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>t</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,因此这&#=
37324;要把自变量写明。</spa=
n></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'><span style=3D'=
font-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>结果为:</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>-<span class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>lambertw</span></spa=
n><span
class=3DGramE>(</span>-C1*exp(-x-1))-x-1</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'><span style=3D'=
font-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>其中:</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Y=3D<span class=3DSpellE>lambertw</span>(X)</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>表示函数关系</span><=
span
lang=3DEN-US>Y*exp(Y)=3DX</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii=
-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>。</span><=
/p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.0=
pt'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>例</span><span lang=3DEN-US>2</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>:求解微分方程=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3D"_x0000_i1026" type=3D"#=
_x0000_t75"
style=3D'width:63pt;height:18pt' o:ole=3D"">
<v:imagedata src=3D"sy15.files/image003.wmz" o:title=3D""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D84 height=3D24
src=3D"sy15.files/image004.gif" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></sub><=
!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type=3D"Embed" ProgID=3D"Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID=3D"_x0000_i1=
026"
DrawAspect=3D"Content" ObjectID=3D"_1237614470">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的</span><=
span
lang=3DEN-US>MATLAB</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>程序=
为:</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>Y2=3D<span class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>dsolve</span></s=
pan><span
class=3DGramE>(</span>'y*D2y-Dy^2=3D<st1:chmetcnv UnitName=3D"’" Sour=
ceValue=3D"0"
HasSpace=3D"False" Negative=3D"False" NumberType=3D"1" TCSC=3D"0" w:st=3D"o=
n">0’</st1:chmetcnv>,’x’)</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'><span style=3D'=
font-family:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>结果为:</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:31.5=
pt'><span
lang=3DEN-US>Y2 <span class=3DGramE>=3D[</span> exp((x+C2)/C1)]</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:52.5=
pt'><span
lang=3DEN-US>[<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> =
</span>C2]</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;layout-grid-mode=
:char;
mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-fon=
t-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我们=
看到有两个解,其中=
9968;个是常数。</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt;
layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span style=3D'font-famil=
y:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>例</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>3</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:求微分&#=
26041;程组</span><span
lang=3DEN-US><sub><span style=3D'position:relative;top:30.0pt;mso-text-rais=
e:-30.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id=3D"_x0000_i1027" type=3D"#_x0000_t75" style=3D'width:87.75pt;height:66p=
t' o:ole=3D"">
<v:imagedata src=3D"sy15.files/image005.wmz" o:title=3D""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D117 height=3D88
src=3D"sy15.files/image006.gif" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></span>=
</sub><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type=3D"Embed" ProgID=3D"Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID=3D"_x0000_i1=
027"
DrawAspect=3D"Content" ObjectID=3D"_1237614471">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>通解=
的</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>MATLAB</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>程序=
为:</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt;
layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt;
layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt;
layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span lang=3DEN-US><o:p>&=
nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;layout-grid-mode=
:char;
mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span lang=3DES style=3D'mso-ansi-language:ES'>=
[X,Y]=3Ddsolve('Dx+5*x+y=3Dexp(t),Dy-x-3*y=3Dexp(2*t)','t')<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt;
layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none'><span style=3D'font-famil=
y:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>例</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>4</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:求微分&#=
26041;程组</span><span
lang=3DEN-US><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3D"_x0000_i1028" type=3D"#=
_x0000_t75"
style=3D'width:164.25pt;height:66pt' o:ole=3D"">
<v:imagedata src=3D"sy15.files/image007.wmz" o:title=3D""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D219 height=3D88
src=3D"sy15.files/image008.gif" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1028"><![endif]></sub><=
!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type=3D"Embed" ProgID=3D"Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID=3D"_x0000_i1=
028"
DrawAspect=3D"Content" ObjectID=3D"_1237614472">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>通解=
的</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>MATLAB</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>程序=
为:</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left'><span lang=3DEN=
-US>[X<span
class=3DGramE>,Y</span>]=3D<span class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>dsolve<=
/span></span><span
class=3DGramE>(</span>'Dx+2*x-<span class=3DSpellE>Dy</span>=3D10*<span cla=
ss=3DSpellE>cos</span>(t),Dx+Dy+2*y=3D4*exp(-2*t)','x(0)=3D2','y(0)=3D0')</=
span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>以上这些都是微=
分方程的精确解法,=
0063;称为微分方程的符ࡥ=
5;解。但是,我们知道&=
#65292;有大量的微分方程"=
429;然从理论上讲,其解=
;是存在的,但我们却&#=
26080;法求出其解析解,Ē=
92;时,我们需要寻求方=
程的数值解,在求微=
0998;方程数值解方面,</span=
><span
lang=3DEN-US>MATLAB</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>具有=
丰富的函数,我们讲=
0854;统称为</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>solver</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-=
family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,其=
一般格式为:</span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.7=
5pt'><span
lang=3DES style=3D'mso-ansi-language:ES'>[T,Y]=3Dsolver(odefun,tspan,y0) <o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dleft style=3D'text-align:left;text-indent:21.0=
pt'><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>该函数表示在区=
间</span><span
class=3DSpellE><span lang=3DEN-US>tspan</span></span><span lang=3DEN-US>=3D=
[t0,tf]</span><span
style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-han=
si-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>上,用初始条件=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US>y0</span><span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>求解显式&#=
24120;微分方程</span><span
lang=3DEN-US><sub><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=3D"_x0000_i1029" type=3D"#=
_x0000_t75"
style=3D'width:57.75pt;height:15.75pt' o:ole=3D"">
<v:imagedata src=3D"sy15.files/image009.wmz" o:title=3D""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=3D77 height=3D21
src=3D"sy15.files/image010.gif" v:shapes=3D"_x0000_i1029"><![endif]></sub><=
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