📄 utmhelp.htm
字号:
<p align="left"><b>北京54 UTM(米）</b></p>
<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="16%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b>西安80
UTM（米）</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="14%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b>WGS84
UTM（米）</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="10%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b>纬度值（X）</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="15%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">32<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="15%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">3542246<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="16%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">3542185<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="14%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">3542183<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="10%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体"><b>经度值（Y）</b><!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="15%" align="center"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">121<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="15%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">311069<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="16%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">311072<!--mstheme--></font></td>
<td width="14%"><!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">311072<!--mstheme--></font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!--mstheme--><font face="宋体">
<p align="right" style="line-height: 150%"><br>
<br>
<a href="#3°、6°带高斯-克吕格投影正反转换程序说明">返回</a></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#000080"><a name="四、高斯-克吕格投影">四、UTM投影</a></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#000080">（1）UTM投影性质</font> </p>
<p style="text-indent: 21.0pt; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> UTM投影全称为“通用横轴墨卡托投影”，是一种“等角横轴</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; color: windowtext">割圆柱</span>投影”，椭圆柱割地球于南纬<span lang="EN-US">80度、北纬84度两条等高圈，投影后两条相割的经线上没有变形，而中央经线上长度比0.9996。UTM投影是为了全球战争需要创建的，美国于1948年完成这种通用投影系统的计算。与高斯-克吕格投影相似，该投影角度没有变形，中央经线为直线，且为投影的对称轴，中央经线的比例因子取0.9996是为了保证离中央经线左右约330km处有两条不失真的标准经线。<o:p>
</o:p>
</span></span></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"><font color="#000080">（2）UTM投影分带</font></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影分带方法与高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影相似，不过是自西经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">180</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">°起每隔经差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度自西向东分带，将地球划分为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">60</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">个投影带。</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">31</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带。</span></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"><font color="#000080">（3）UTM投影坐标系</font></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影按分带方法各自进行投影，故各带坐标成独立系统。以中央经线（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">L0</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">）投影为纵轴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">X,
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">赤道投影为横轴</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Y</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，两轴交点即为各带的坐标原点。为了避免横坐标出现负值，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">北半球投影中规定将坐标纵轴西移</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">500</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公里当作起始轴，而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">南半球投影除了将纵轴西移</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">500</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公里外，横轴南移</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10000</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公里。根据使用习惯本套程序在</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">横轴坐标前加了带号，而UTM投影没有加带号。</span>
</p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"><font color="#000080">（4）UTM投影与高斯-克吕格投影</font>
</p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"> <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Universal
Transverse Mercator</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，通用横轴墨卡托投影）与高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(Gauss-Kruger)</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影都是横轴墨卡托投影的变种，目前一些国外的软件或国外进口仪器的配套软件往往不支持高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影，但支持</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影，因此常有把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影当作高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影的现象。</span></p>
<p align="left" style="line-height: 150%"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">从投影几何方式看，高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影是“等角横切圆柱投影</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">”</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，投影后中央经线保持长度不变，即比例系数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影是“等角横轴割圆柱投影”，圆柱割地球于南纬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">80</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度、北纬</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">84</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度两条等高圈，投影后两条割线上没有变形，中央经线上长度比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0.9996</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。从计算结果看，两者主要差别在比例因子上，高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影中央经线上的比例系数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0.9996</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影可近似采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">
X[UTM]=0.9996 * X[</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Y[UTM]=0.9996
* Y[</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">]</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">，进行坐标转换（</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">见下表）。从分带方式看，两者的分带起点不同，高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影自</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">0</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度子午线起每隔经差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度自西向东分带，第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带的中央经度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">3</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">°；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">投影自西经</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">180</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">°起每隔经差</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">6</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">度自西向东分带，第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带的中央经度为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-177</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">°，因此高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">31</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">带。此外，两投影的东伪偏移都是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">500</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公里，高斯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">-</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">克吕格投影北伪偏移为零，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">UTM</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">北半球投影北伪偏移为零，南半球则为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">10000</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">公里。</span> </p>
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -