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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head>  <meta name="generator" content=  "HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org">  <title>C++ Stacks</title>  <link href="../cppreference.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></head><body><table>  <tr>  <td>  <div class="body-content">  <div class="header-box">    <a href="../index.html">cppreference.com</a> &gt; <a href=    "index.html">C++ Stacks</a>  </div>  <div class="name-format">    empty  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  bool empty() const;</pre>  <p>The empty() function returns true if the stack has no elements,  false otherwise.</p>  <p>For example, the following code uses empty() as the stopping  condition on a (C/C++ Keywords) <a href=  "../keywords/while.html">while</a> loop to clear a stack and display  its contents in reverse order:</p>  <pre class="example-code"> vector&lt;int&gt; v; for( int i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++ ) {   v.push_back(i); } while( !v.empty() ) {   cout &lt;&lt; v.back() &lt;&lt; endl;   v.pop_back(); }              </pre>  <div class="related-name-format">    Related topics:  </div>  <div class="related-content">    <a href="size.html">size</a>  </div>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr>  <div class="name-format">    pop  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  void pop();</pre>  <p>The function pop() removes the top element of the stack and  discards it.</p>  <div class="related-name-format">    Related topics:  </div>  <div class="related-content">    (C++ Priority Queues) <a href=    "../cpppriority_queue/push.html">push</a><br>    <a href="top.html">top</a>  </div>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr>  <div class="name-format">    push  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  void push( const <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>&amp; val );</pre>  <p>The function push() adds <em>val</em> to the top of the current  stack.</p>  <p>For example, the following code uses the push() function to add  ten integers to the top of a stack:</p>  <pre class="example-code">   stack&lt;int&gt; s;   for( int i=0; i &lt; 10; i++ )     s.push(i);         </pre>  <div class="related-name-format">    Related topics:  </div>  <div class="related-content">    <a href="pop.html">pop</a>  </div>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr>  <div class="name-format">    size  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  <strong>size_type</strong> size() const;</pre>  <p>The size() function returns the number of elements in the current  stack.</p>  <div class="related-name-format">    Related topics:  </div>  <div class="related-content">    (C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/capacity.html">capacity</a><br>    <a href="empty.html">empty</a><br>    (C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/length.html">length</a><br>    (C++ Multimaps) <a href=    "../cppmultimap/max_size.html">max_size</a><br>    (C++ Strings) <a href="../cppstring/resize.html">resize</a>  </div>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr>  <div class="name-format">    Stack constructors  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  stack();  stack( const Container&amp; con );</pre>  <p>Stacks have an empty constructor and a constructor that can be  used to specify a container type.</p>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr>  <div class="name-format">    top  </div>  <div class="syntax-name-format">    Syntax:  </div>  <pre class="syntax-box">  #include &lt;stack&gt;  <a href="../containers.html">TYPE</a>&amp; top();</pre>  <p>The function top() returns a reference to the top element of the  stack.</p>  <p>For example, the following code removes all of the elements from a  stack and uses top() to display them:</p>  <pre class="example-code">   while( !s.empty() ) {     cout &lt;&lt; s.top() &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot;;     s.pop();   }            </pre>  <div class="related-name-format">    Related topics:  </div>  <div class="related-content">    <a href="pop.html">pop</a>  </div>  </div>  </td>    </tr>  </table></body></html><hr></body></html>
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