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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head> <meta name="generator" content= "HTML Tidy for Linux/x86 (vers 1 September 2005), see www.w3.org"> <title>C++ I/O</title> <link href="../cppreference.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></head><body><table> <tr> <td> <div class="body-content"> <div class="header-box"> <a href="../index.html">cppreference.com</a> > <a href= "index.html">C++ I/O</a> </div> <div class="name-format"> C++ I/O </div> <p>The <iostream> library automatically defines a few standard objects:</p> <ul> <li>cout, an object of the ostream class, which displays data to the standard output device.</li> <li>cerr, another object of the ostream class that writes unbuffered output to the standard error device.</li> <li>clog, like cerr, but uses buffered output.</li> <li>cin, an object of the istream class that reads data from the standard input device.</li> </ul> <p>The <fstream> library allows programmers to do file input and output with the ifstream and ofstream classes.</p> <p>C++ programmers can also do input and output from strings by using the <a href="../cppsstream/index.html">String Stream</a> class.</p> <p>Some of the behavior of the C++ I/O streams (precision, justification, etc) may be modified by manipulating various <a href= "../io_flags.html#format_flags">io stream format flags</a>.</p> <p>Here are <a href="examples.html">some examples of what you can do with C++ I/O</a>.</p> <p><a href="all.html">Display all entries</a> for C++ I/O on one page, or view entries individually:</p> <table class="category-table"> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="constructors.html">I/O Constructors</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">constructors</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="bad.html">bad</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">true if an error occurred</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="clear.html">clear</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">clear and set status flags</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="close.html">close</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">close a stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="eof.html">eof</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">true if at the end-of-file</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="fail.html">fail</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">true if an error occurred</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="fill.html">fill</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">manipulate the default fill character</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="flags.html">flags</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">access or manipulate <a href= "../io_flags.html#format_flags">io stream format flags</a></td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="flush.html">flush</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">empty the buffer</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "gcount.html">gcount</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">number of characters read during last input</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="get.html">get</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read characters</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "getline.html">getline</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read a line of characters</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="good.html">good</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">true if no errors have occurred</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "ignore.html">ignore</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read and discard characters</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="open.html">open</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">open a new stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="peek.html">peek</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">check the next input character</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "precision.html">precision</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">manipulate the precision of a stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="put.html">put</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">write characters</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "putback.html">putback</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">return characters to a stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "rdstate.html">rdstate</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">returns the state flags of the stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="read.html">read</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read data into a buffer</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="seekg.html">seekg</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">perform random access on an input stream</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="seekp.html">seekp</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">perform random access on output streams</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="setf.html">setf</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">set format flags</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "sync_with_stdio.html">sync_with_stdio</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">synchronize with standard I/O</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="tellg.html">tellg</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read input stream pointers</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="tellp.html">tellp</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">read output stream pointers</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href= "unsetf.html">unsetf</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">clear <a href= "../io_flags.html#format_flags">io stream format flags</a></td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-2"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="width.html">width</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">access and manipulate the minimum field width</td> </tr> <tr class="category-table-tr-1"> <td class="category-table-td"><a href="write.html">write</a></td> <td class="category-table-td">write characters</td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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