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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 23] 23.3 Tricks for Making rm Safer </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:40:58Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch23_01.htm"TITLE="23. Removing Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch23_02.htm"TITLE="23.2 rm and Its Dangers "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch23_04.htm"TITLE='23.4 Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes'></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch23_02.htm"TITLE="23.2 rm and Its Dangers "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 23.2 rm and Its Dangers "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 23<BR>Removing Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch23_04.htm"TITLE='23.4 Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes'><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT='Next: 23.4 Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes'BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7480">23.3 Tricks for Making rm Safer </A></H2><PCLASS="para">Here's a summary of ways to protect yourself from accidentallydeleting files:</P><ULCLASS="itemizedlist"><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Use <EMCLASS="emphasis">rm -i</EM>, possibly as an alias (articles<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch21_11.htm"TITLE="Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying ">21.11</A>possiblyand<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch23_07.htm"TITLE="Safer File Deletion in Some Directories ">23.7</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Make <EMCLASS="emphasis">rm -i</EM> less painful (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch23_06.htm"TITLE="A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively ">23.6</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Write a "delete" script that moves "deleted" files to a temporarydirectory (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch23_08.htm"TITLE="Safe Delete: Pros and Cons ">23.8</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">tcsh</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch08_03.htm"TITLE="Introduction to tcsh">8.3</A>)</SPAN>has an <EMCLASS="emphasis">rmstar</EM> variable that makes the shell ask for confirmationwhen you type something like <CODECLASS="literal">rm *</CODE>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Use a more comprehensive "safe delete" program, like the one describedin article <ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch23_09.htm"TITLE="delete: Protecting Files from Accidental Deletion ">23.9</A>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Use revision control (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch20_12.htm"TITLE="Protecting Files with SCCS or RCS ">20.12</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Make your own backups, as explained in article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch20_02.htm"TITLE="Make Your Own Backups ">20.2</A>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Prevent deletion (or renaming or creating) of files by making the<EMCLASS="emphasis">directory</EM> (not necessarily the files in it!) unwritable.Article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch22_02.htm"TITLE="Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions ">22.2</A>.</P></LI></UL><PCLASS="para">If you want to delete with wild abandon, use <EMCLASS="emphasis">rm -f</EM> (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch23_10.htm"TITLE="Deletion with Prejudice: rm -f ">23.10</A>).</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">ML</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch23_02.htm"TITLE="23.2 rm and Its Dangers 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