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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 2] 2.3 What Goes in Shell Setup Files? </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:31:55Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch02_01.htm"TITLE="2. Logging In"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch02_04.htm"TITLE="2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 2<BR>Logging In</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_04.htm"TITLE="2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-6220">2.3 What Goes in Shell Setup Files? </A></H2><PCLASS="para">Shell setup files like <EMCLASS="emphasis">.login</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">.profile</EM> typicallydo at least the following:</P><ULCLASS="itemizedlist"><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Set the <SPANCLASS="link">search path (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch08_07.htm"TITLE="Setting Your Search Path ">8.7</A>)</SPAN>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Set the <SPANCLASS="link">terminal type (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch05_03.htm"TITLE="Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In ">5.3</A>)</SPAN>and <SPANCLASS="link">make various terminal settings (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch05_09.htm"TITLE="Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters ">5.9</A>, <ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch41_03.htm"TITLE="Find Out Terminal Settings with stty ">41.3</A>)</SPAN>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Set <SPANCLASS="link">environment variables (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch06_01.htm#UPT-ART-1170"TITLE="What Environment Variables Are Good For ">6.1</A>)</SPAN>that might be needed by programs or scriptsthat you typically run.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Run one or more commands that you want to run whenever you log in.For example, if your system <EMCLASS="emphasis">login</EM> program doesn't show themessage of the day, your setup file can.Many people also like to print an amusing or instructive<SPANCLASS="link">fortune (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch03_03.htm"TITLE="Electronic Fortune Cookies ">3.3</A>)</SPAN>.</P><PCLASS="para">You might want to run<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">who</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch51_04.htm"TITLE="Who's On? ">51.4</A>)</SPAN>or<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">uptime</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch39_07.htm"TITLE="Checking System Load: uptime ">39.7</A>)</SPAN>for information about the system.</P></LI></UL><PCLASS="para">In the C shell, the <EMCLASS="emphasis">.cshrc</EM> file is used to establish settings thatwill apply to every instance of the C shell, not just the <SPANCLASS="link">login shell (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch51_09.htm"TITLE='Making a "Login" Shell'>51.9</A>)</SPAN>.For example, you typically want<SPANCLASS="link">aliases (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch10_02.htm"TITLE="Aliases for Common Commands ">10.2</A>)</SPAN>to be available in every interactive shell you run.</P><PCLASS="para">Even novices can write simple <EMCLASS="emphasis">.profile</EM> or <EMCLASS="emphasis">.login</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">.cshrc</EM> files. The real trick is to make these setupscripts really work for you. Here are some of the things you mightwant to try:</P><ULCLASS="itemizedlist"><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Creating a custom prompt (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch07_01.htm#UPT-ART-4820"TITLE="Why Change Your Prompt? ">7.1</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Coordinating custom setup files on different machines (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch02_13.htm"TITLE="A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup ">2.13</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Making different terminal settings depending on which terminalyou're using (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch02_12.htm"TITLE="Automatic Setups for Different Terminals ">2.12</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Seeing the message of the day only when it changes (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch02_15.htm"TITLE="Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once ">2.15</A>).</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Doing all of the abovewithout making your login take forever (article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch02_05.htm"TITLE="Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins ">2.5</A>).</P></LI></UL><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">TOR</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_04.htm"TITLE="2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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