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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 26] 26.9 Valid Metacharacters for Different UNIX Programs </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:44:10Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch26_01.htm"TITLE="26. Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch26_08.htm"TITLE="26.8 I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch26_10.htm"TITLE="26.10 Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch26_08.htm"TITLE="26.8 I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 26.8 I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 26<BR>Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch26_10.htm"TITLE="26.10 Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 26.10 Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7951">26.9 Valid Metacharacters for Different UNIX Programs </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-29242"></A>Some regular expression metacharacters are valid for one program but not for another.Those that are available to a particular UNIX program are marked by a bullet (<IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·">) in<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch26_09.htm#UPT-ART-7951-TAB-0"TITLE="Valid Metacharacters for Different Programs">Table 26.4</A>.Quick reference descriptions of eachof the characters can be found in article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch26_10.htm"TITLE="Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples ">26.10</A>.</P><PCLASS="para">[Unfortunately, even this table doesn't give the whole story.For example, Sun has taken some of the extensionsoriginally developed for <EMCLASS="emphasis">ed</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">ex</EM>, and <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM>(such as the <CODECLASS="literal">\< \></CODE> and <CODECLASS="literal">\{</CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>min, max</I></CODE><CODECLASS="literal">\}</CODE> modifiers) and added them to other programs that use regular expressions.So don't be bashful - try things out, but just don't be surprised ifevery possible regular expression feature isn't supported by everyprogram.In addition, there are many programs that recognizeregular expressions, such as <EMCLASS="emphasis">perl</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">emacs</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">more</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">dbx</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">expr</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">lex</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">pg</EM>, and <EMCLASS="emphasis">less</EM>,that aren't covered in Daniel's table. -<EMCLASS="emphasis">TOR</EM> ]</P><TABLECLASS="table"><CAPTIONCLASS="table"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7951-TAB-0">Table 26.4: Valid Metacharacters for Different Programs</A></CAPTION><THEADCLASS="thead"><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Symbol</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">ed</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">ex</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">vi</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">sed</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">awk</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">grep</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">egrep</TH><THCLASS="entry"ALIGN="LEFT"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Action</TH></TR></THEAD><TBODYCLASS="tbody"><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">.</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Match any character.</TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">*</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><PCLASS="para">Match zero or more preceding.</P></TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">^</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Match beginning of line.</TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">$</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Match end of line.</TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">\</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><PCLASS="para">Escape character following.</P></TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">[ ]</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">Match one from a set.</TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">\(\)</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><PCLASS="para">Store pattern for later replay.</P></TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1">\{\}</TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><IMGSRC="../chars/bull.gif"ALT="·"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"></TD><TDCLASS="entry"ROWSPAN="1"COLSPAN="1"><PCLASS="para">Match a range of instances.</P></TD></TR><TRCLASS="row"VALIGN="TOP"><TDCLASS="entry"⌨️ 快捷键说明
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