ch33_04.htm

the unix power tools

>!</B
>]

Terminate current editing session. Use <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>!</B
> to discard changes made<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36625"
></A
>
since the last save. If the editing session includes additional files
in the argument list that were never accessed, quit by typing
<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>q!</B
> or by typing <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>q</B
> twice.&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>read</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[address] <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>r</B
> <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>

Copy in the text from <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
> on the line below the specified<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36637"
></A
>
<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
>. If <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
> is not specified, the current filename
is used.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>:0r $HOME/data   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Read file in at top of current file</EM
></PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
><P
CLASS="para"
></P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>read</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[address] <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>r</B
>  <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>!</B
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>command</EM
>

Read the output of UNIX <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>command</EM
> into the text after the line
specified by <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
>.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><TABLE
CLASS="screen.co"
BORDER="1"
><TR
><TH
VALIGN="TOP"
><PRE
CLASS="calloutlist"
>
<A
CLASS="co"
HREF="ch48_06.htm"
TITLE="48.6 Get Calendar for Any Month or Year: cal "
>cal</A
> </PRE
></TH
><TD
VALIGN="TOP"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>
:$r !cal   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Place a calendar at end of file</EM
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>source</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>so</B
> file

Read and execute <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
> commands from <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>.<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36667"
></A
></P
><P
CLASS="para"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>:so $HOME/.exrc</PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>substitute</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[address] <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>s</B
> [<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>/</B
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>pattern</EM
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>/</B
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>replacement</EM
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>/</B
>] [<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>options</EM
>] [<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>count</EM
>]

Replace first instance of <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>pattern</EM
> on each of the specified lines with<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36685"
></A
>
<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>replacement</EM
>.
If <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>pattern</EM
> and <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>replacement</EM
> are omitted, repeat last substitution.
<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>count</EM
> specifies the number of lines on which to substitute, starting
with <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
>.

<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Options</EM
></P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>c</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>Prompt for confirmation before each change.</P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>g</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>Substitute all instances of <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>pattern</EM
> on each line.</P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>p</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>Print the last line on which a substitution was made.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><TABLE
CLASS="screen.co"
BORDER="1"
><TR
><TH
VALIGN="TOP"
><PRE
CLASS="calloutlist"
>
&#13;<A
CLASS="co"
HREF="ch30_10.htm"
TITLE="30.10 Confirming Substitutions in ex and vi"
>c</A
> 
<A
CLASS="co"
HREF="ch30_15.htm"
TITLE="30.15 Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches) "
>\U</A
> </PRE
></TH
><TD
VALIGN="TOP"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>
:1,10s/yes/no/g      <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Substitute on first 10 lines</EM
>
:%s/[Hh]ello/Hi/gc   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Confirm global substitutions</EM
>
:s/Fortran/\U&amp;/ 3    <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Uppercase &quot;Fortran&quot; on next 3 lines</EM
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>write</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[address] <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>w</B
>[<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>!</B
>] [[<B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>&gt;&gt;</B
>] <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>]

Write lines specified by <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
> to <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>,<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36727"
></A
>
or write full contents of buffer if <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
> is not specified.
If <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
> is also omitted, save the contents of the buffer
to the current filename.
If <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>&gt;&gt; </B
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
> is used, write contents to the end of an existing
<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>. The <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>!</B
> flag forces the editor to write over any current
contents of <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>file</EM
>.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>:1,10w name_list   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Copy first 10 lines to</EM
> name_list
:50w &gt;&gt; name_list   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Now append line 50</EM
></PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
></DD
><DT
CLASS="term"
><B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>write</B
></DT
><DD
CLASS="listitem"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[address] <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>w</B
>  <B
CLASS="emphasis.bold"
>!</B
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>command</EM
>

Write lines specified by <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
>, or write full contents of buffer
if <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>address</EM
> is not specified, to the
<SPAN
CLASS="link"
>standard input (<A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch13_01.htm#UPT-ART-1023"
TITLE="Using Standard Input and Output"
>13.1</A
>)</SPAN
>
of <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>command</EM
>.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>:1,10w !spell   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Send first 10 lines to the </EM
>spell<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
> command</EM
>
:w !lpr   <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>Print entire buffer with </EM
>lpr<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
> command</EM
></PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
></DD
></DL
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36758"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36759"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36760"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-36761"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="sect1info"
><P
CLASS="SECT1INFO"
>- <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>TOR</SPAN
>, <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>DG</SPAN
></P
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