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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 15] 15.8 Getting a List of Non-Matching Files with grep -c </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:37:27Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch15_01.htm"TITLE="15. Wildcards"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch15_07.htm"TITLE="15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch15_09.htm"TITLE="15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch15_07.htm"TITLE="15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 15<BR>Wildcards</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch15_09.htm"TITLE="15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-6090">15.8 Getting a List of Non-Matching Files with grep -c </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-16471"></A>You can use the<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">grep</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch27_02.htm"TITLE="Searching for Text with grep ">27.2</A>)</SPAN>option <EMCLASS="emphasis">-c</EM> to tell you how many occurrences of a pattern appearin a given file, so you can also use it to find files that <EMCLASS="emphasis">don't</EM> containa pattern (i.e., zero occurrences of the pattern).Let's say you're indexing a<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">troff</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch43_13.htm"TITLE="The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ... ">43.13</A>)</SPAN>document and youwant to make a list of files that don't yet contain indexing macros. What you need to find are files with zero occurrences of the string <CODECLASS="literal">.XX</CODE>.The command:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>grep -c "\.XX" chapter*</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para"> might produce the following output:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">chapter1:10chapter2:27chapter3:19chapter4:0chapter5:39 ...</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">This is all well and good, but suppose you need to check index entries inhundreds of reference pages? Well, just filter <EMCLASS="emphasis">grep</EM>'s output by piping itthrough another <EMCLASS="emphasis">grep</EM>. The above command can be modified as follows:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>grep -c "\.XX" chapter* | grep :0</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">This results in the following output:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">chapter4:0</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Using<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">sed</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch34_24.htm"TITLE="Quick Reference: sed ">34.24</A>)</SPAN>to truncate the <CODECLASS="literal">:0</CODE>, you can save the output as a list of files.For example, here's a trick for creating a list of files that<EMCLASS="emphasis">don't</EM> contain index macros:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>grep -c "\.XX" * | sed -n s/:0//p > ../not_indexed.list</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The <EMCLASS="emphasis">sed -n</EM> command prints only the lines that contain <CODECLASS="literal">:0</CODE>;it also strips the <CODECLASS="literal">:0</CODE> from the output so that<EMCLASS="emphasis">../not_indexed.list</EM> contains a list of files, one per line.The<SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">..</CODE> pathname (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_21.htm"TITLE="Making Pathnames ">1.21</A>)</SPAN>puts the <EMCLASS="emphasis">not_indexed.list</EM> file into the parent directory - this is oneeasy way to keep <EMCLASS="emphasis">grep</EM> from searching that file, but may not beworth the bother.</P><PCLASS="para">[To edit all files that need index macros added, you could type:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>vi `grep -c "\.XX" * | sed -n s/:0//p`</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">which is more obvious once you start using backquotes a lot.You can put this into a little script named <EMCLASS="emphasis">vgrep</EM> with a couple<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-16519"></A>of safety features added:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch44_15.htm"TITLE="44.15 Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts ">"$@"</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen"> #!/bin/shcase $# in0|1) echo "Usage: `basename $0` pattern file [files...]" 1>&2 ;;*) pat="$1"; shift grep -c "$pat" "$@" | sed -n 's/:0$//p' ;;esac</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para">Then you can type, for example, <CODECLASS="literal">vi `vgrep "\.XX" *`</CODE>. <EMCLASS="emphasis">-JP</EM> ]</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">DG</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch15_07.htm"TITLE="15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch15_09.htm"TITLE="15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">15.7 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">15.9 nom: List Files that Don't Match a Wildcard </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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